Ch9, Security Vulnerabilities, Threats, And Countermeasures

Front 1

Multitasking

Back 1

Handling two or more tasks simoultaneously

Front 2

Multicore

Back 2

Most CPU are multicore.

Single CPU or microprocessor chip is now a chip containing two , four, eight or potentially dozens of independent execution cores that can operate simoultaneously.

Front 3

Multiprocessing

Back 3

Computing system that is , one with more than one CPU.

Hint 3

For example, a database server might run on a system that contains four, six or more processor. If the database receives a number of separate queries simultaneously, it might send each query to a separate processor for execution.

Front 4

Symmetric multiprocessing

Back 4

Single computer contains multiple processors that are treated equally and controlled by a single operating system.

Front 5

Massively parallel processing(MPP)

Back 5

Holds hundreds or even thousands of processor, each of which has its own operating system and memory/ bus resources.

Front 6

Multiprogramming

Back 6

Is similar to multitasking.

Multiple processes in line, wait for each other until their state is saved and the next process in line begins to process.

Multitasking: coordinated by the operating system

Multiprogramming: requires specially written software .

Front 7

Multithreading

Back 7

Permits multiple concurrent tasks to be performed with in a single process.

Hint 7

Unlike multitasking: where multiple tasks occupy multiple processes.

Front 8

Single state

Back 8

Handle one security level at a time

Front 9

Multistate

Back 9

Handle multiple security levels simultaneously.

Front 10

Protection Mechanisms

Back 10

Protection rings, operational states, and security modes.

Front 11

Protection Rings

Back 11

Organize code and components in an operating system.

The innermost ring 0 , has the highest level of privilege .

Front 12

Process states / operating states

Back 12

Various forms of execution in which a process may run.

Ready: a process is ready to resume or begin processing as soon as it is schedule for execution.

Waiting: waiting for resource

Running/ problem state: executes on the CPU and keeps going until it finishes, it's time slice expires or it is blocked for some reason.

Supervisory: is used when the process must perform an action that requires privileges.

Stopped: a process finishes or must be terminated.

Front 13

Security Modes

Back 13

Dedicated Mode: each user must have a security clearance , access approval and a valid need to know for all information processed.

System High Mode: each user must have a valid security clearance , access approval and a valid need to know for all information processed.

Difference b/w dedicated Mode and the system high mode: users do not necessarily have a need to know for all information processed on a system high mode computing device.

Difference between compartmented mode system and system high mode: that users of a compartmented mode system do not necessarily have access approval for all the information on the system.