Ch9 Med Term

Front 1

kidneys

Back 1

constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water.

Front 2

renal

Back 2

pertaining to the kidneys

Front 3

renal cortex

Back 3

outer region of the kidney

Front 4

medulla

Back 4

the inner region of the kidney and it contains most of the urine-collecting tubules.

Front 5

nephrons

Back 5

the microscopic functional units of each kidney

Front 6

glomerulus

Back 6

cluster of capillaries

Front 7

renal pelvis

Back 7

funnel shape area inside each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and medulla.

Front 8

ureters

Back 8

two narrow tubes each about 10-12 in long which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder

Front 9

urinary bladder

Back 9

an oval, hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body

Front 10

urethera

Back 10

the tube extending from the bladder to the exterior of the body.

Front 11

urethral meatus

Back 11

external opening to the urethera

Front 12

female urethra

Back 12

approximately 1.5 inches long and the urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and opening of the vagina

Front 13

male urethra

Back 13

approximately 8 in long and the urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis

Front 14

prostrate gland

Back 14

part of the male reproductive system, surround the urethra

Front 15

urination

Back 15

the normal process of excreting urine

Front 16

nephropathy

Back 16

means any disease of the kidney

Front 17

renal failure

Back 17

the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions.

Front 18

acute renal failure

Back 18

sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. Can be fatal if not reversed promptly.

Front 19

chronic kidney disease

Back 19

progressive loss of renal function over months or years.

Front 20

end stage renal disease

Back 20

final stage of chronic kidney disease and this condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis, or with successful kidney transplant.

Front 21

nephrotic syndrome

Back 21

a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine

Front 22

edema

Back 22

excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic

Front 23

hyperproteinuria

Back 23

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

Front 24

hypoproteinemia

Back 24

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

Front 25

hydronephrosis

Back 25

the dilation of one or both kidneys

Front 26

nephritis

Back 26

an inflammation of the kidney or kidneys

Front 27

renal colic

Back 27

an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith

Front 28

stone

Back 28

an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body and named for the organ or tissue where it is located

Front 29

nephrolith

Back 29

kidney stone

Front 30

hydroureter

Back 30

condition of the swelling of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked.

Front 31

ureterecstasis

Back 31

the enlargement of blood from the ureter

Front 32

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Back 32

an enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men older than age 50

Front 33

prostate cancer

Back 33

one of the most common cancers among men

Front 34

prostatitis

Back 34

group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland

Front 35

urethrorrhagia

Back 35

bleeding from the urethra

Front 36

urethrorrhea

Back 36

abnormal discharge from the urethra

Front 37

urethrostenosis

Back 37

narrowing of the urethra

Front 38

epispadias

Back 38

congenial abnormality of the urethral opening (above)

Front 39

hypospadias

Back 39

congenial abnormality of the urethral opening (below)

Front 40

urinary tract infection

Back 40

begins in the bladder and can affect all parts of the urinary system

Front 41

dysuria

Back 41

difficult or painful urination

Front 42

enuresis

Back 42

involuntary discharge of urine

Front 43

nocturia

Back 43

frequent and excessive urination during the night

Front 44

urinary hesitancy

Back 44

difficulty in starting a urinary stream

Front 45

incontinence

Back 45

inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both.

Front 46

overflow incontinence

Back 46

continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely.

Front 47

urinalysis

Back 47

the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

Front 48

cystoscopy

Back 48

the visual examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope

Front 49

cystography

Back 49

a radiographic or xray examination of the bladder after a contrast medium is instilled via a urethral catheter

Front 50

intravenous pyleogram

Back 50

radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters

Front 51

KUB

Back 51

radiographic study without the use of a contrast medium

Front 52

diuretics

Back 52

medications administered to increase urine secretion primarily to rid body of excess water and salt

Front 53

dialysis

Back 53

procedure to remove waste products such as urea, creatinine, as well as excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

Front 54

hemodialysis

Back 54

the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patients blood

Front 55

peritoneal dialysis

Back 55

the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

Front 56

nephrolysis

Back 56

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

Front 57

nephropexy

Back 57

surgical fixation of nephroptosis or floating kidney

Front 58

nephrostomy

Back 58

the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.

Front 59

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Back 59

the most common kidney stone treatment; high energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel to break the stone

Front 60

ureterectomy

Back 60

the surgical removal of a ureter

Front 61

ureteroplasty

Back 61

is the surgical repair of thee ureter

Front 62

ureterorrhaphy

Back 62

the surgical suturing of a ureter

Front 63

ureteroscopy

Back 63

a treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter

Front 64

cystectomy

Back 64

the surgical removal if all or part of the urinary bladder.

Front 65

neobladder

Back 65

a replacement for the missing bladder created by using about 20 inches of the small intestine

Front 66

ileal conduit

Back 66

the use of a small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen

Front 67

cystopexy

Back 67

the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

Front 68

lithotomy

Back 68

a surgical incision for the removal of a nephrolith from the bladder

Front 69

foley catheter

Back 69

common type of indwelling catheter; made of flexible tube with a balloon filled with sterile water at the end to hold it in place in the bladder.

Front 70

meatotomy

Back 70

surgical incision made in the urethral meatus to enlarge the opening

Front 71

urethropexy

Back 71

surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue

Front 72

transurethral prostatectomy (TURP)

Back 72

removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a retroscope.

Front 73

bladder retraining

Back 73

behavioral therapy in which the patient learns to urinate on a schedule with increasingly longer intervals.

Front 74

ablation

Back 74

describes some type of treatment of prostate cancer. involves the removal of a body part or destruction