Ch.9 Cardiovascular Disorders Key Terms

Front 1

aneuysm

Back 1

a localized abnormal dialation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burts

Front 2

angina pectoris

Back 2

a feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to the left arm or shoulder

Front 3

arhythmia

Back 3

any abnormality in the rate of rhythm of the heartbeat

Front 4

arteriosclerosis

Back 4

hardening of the arteries with loss of capacity and loss of elasticity, as from fatty desposits, deposits of cacium salts, or scar tissue formation

Front 5

atherosclerosis

Back 5

the development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel wall. The most common form of ateriosclorosis is hardening of the arteries.

Front 6

bradycardia

Back 6

a slow heart rate, of less than 60 bpm

Front 7

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Back 7

sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow. Causes include artherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm ; commonly called a stroke

Front 8

clubbing

Back 8

enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by growth of the soft tissue around the nails. Seen in a variety of diseases in which there is poor peripheral circulation

Front 9

coarctation of the aorta

Back 9

;localized narrowing of the aorta with restriction of blood flow

Front 10

C_reactive protein (CRP)

Back 10

Protein produced during systemic inflammation, which may contribute to artherosclerosis; high CRP levels can indicate cardiovascular disease and its prognosis

Front 11

cyanosis

Back 11

bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen

Front 12

deep-vein thrombosis

Back 12

thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins

Front 13

diaphoresis

Back 13

profuse sweating

Front 14

dissecting aneurysm

Back 14

an aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and sepperates the layers, usually involves the aorta

Front 15

dyslipidemia

Back 15

disorder in serum lipid levels, which is an important factor in development of artherosclerosis. Includes hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglyceridemia

Front 16

dyspnea

Back 16

difficult or labored breathing

Front 17

edema

Back 17

swelling of body tissue caused by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation

Front 18

embolism

Back 18

obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation

Front 19

embolus

Back 19

a mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but also may be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body

Front 20

fibrillation

Back 20

spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers, as in the artia or the ventricles

Front 21

heart block

Back 21

as interference in the electrical conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia

Front 22

heart failure

Back 22

a condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation

Front 23

hemorrhoid

Back 23

a varicose vein in the rectum

Front 24

hypertension

Back 24

a condition of higher-than-nortmal blood pressure. Essential ( primary, idiopathic) hypertension has no known cause

Front 25

infarct

Back 25

an area of localized tissue necrosis(death) resulting from a blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area

Front 26

ischemia

Back 26

local deficiency of blood supplyu caused by circulatory obstruction

Front 27

murmur

Back 27

an abnormal heart sound

Front 28

myocardial infarction

Back 28

localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery that supplies that area. Myocardial infarction is usually caused by formation of thrombus (clot) in a vessel

Front 29

occulsion

Back 29

a closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel

Front 30

patent ductus arteriosus

Back 30

persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta in the fetus to bypass the lungs

Front 31

phlebitis

Back 31

inflammation of a vein

Front 32

plaque

Back 32

a patch. With regard to the cardiovascular system, a deposit of fatty material and other substances on a vessel wall that impedes blood flow and may block the vessel

Front 33

rheumatic heart disease

Back 33

damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus. The antibodies produced in response to the infection produced valvular scaring usually involving the mitral valve

Front 34

septal defect

Back 34

an opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles; a common cause is persistence of the foramen ovale, an opening between the atria that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation

Front 35

shock

Back 35

circulatory failure resulting in an inadequate blood supply to the tissues. Cardiogenic shock is caused by heart failure; hypovolemic shock is caused by a loss of blood volume;septic shock is caused by bacterial infection

Front 36

stenosis

Back 36

constriction or narrowing of an opening

Front 37

syncope

Back 37

a temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting

Front 38

tachycardia

Back 38

an abnormally rapid heart rate, usually over 100 bpm

Front 39

thrombophlebitis

Back 39

inflamation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot

Front 40

thrombosis

Back 40

development of a blood clot within a vessel

Front 41

thrombus

Back 41

a blood clot that forms within na blood vessel

Front 42

varicose vein

Back 42

a twisted swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valaves, pooling of blood, and chronic