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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anomia
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inability to name things
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language
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largely arbitrary system of communication that combines symbols (words or gestural signs) i rule-based ways to create meaning
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phonemes
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categories of sounds our vocal apparatus produces
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morphemes
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smallest meaningful units of speech
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syntax
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grammatical rules that govern how words are composed into meaningful strings
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extralinguistic information
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elements of communication that arent part of the content of language but are critical to interpreting its meaning
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dialects
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language variations used by groups of people who share geographic proximity or ethnic background
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phonesthemes
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similar-sounding words that have related meanings
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babbling
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intentional vocalization that lacks specific meaning
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holophrases
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single-word phrases used early in language development to convey an entire thought
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generative
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allowing an infinite number of unique sentences to be created by combining words in novel ways
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nativist
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account of language acquisition that suggests children are born knowing how language works
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language acquisition device
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hypothetical organ in the brain in which nativists believe knowledge of syntax
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social pragmatics
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account of language acquisition that proposes children infer what words and sentences mean from context and social interactions
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transcanial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
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technique involving a coil that generates a magnetic field that can temporarily blocks or stimulate neural transmissions within a small brain area
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linguistic relativity
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view that characteristics of language shape or thought processes
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whole word recognition
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reading strategy that involves identifying common words without having to sound them our based on their appearance
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thinking
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any mental activity or processing of information including learning, remembering, perceiving, believing, and deciding
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artificial intelligence
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study and design of computer systems created to mimic human cognitive abilities
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mental set
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phenomenon of becoming stuck in a specific problem-solving strategy, inhibiting our ability to generate alternatives
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functional fixedness
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difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another
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