Ch.8

Front 1

Political geography

Back 1

Subdivision of AP HuG focused on the nature and spatial organizations of governments

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State

Back 2

Politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community

Front 3

Territory

Back 3

Area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state

Front 4

Territoriality

Back 4

A country's or more local community's sense of property and attachment toward its territory

Front 5

Sovereignty

Back 5

Holds that final authority over social, economic, and political should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states

Front 6

Territoriality integrity

Back 6

Right of a state to defend sovereign territory against incursions from other states

Front 7

Mercantilism

Back 7

Associated with the promotion of commercialism and trade

Front 8

Peace of Westphalia

Back 8

Negotiated in 1648 to end the 30 years war, europes most destructive internal struggle over religion. Treaties contained new language recognizing state hood and nation hood, clearly defined borders, and guarantees of security

Front 9

Nation

Back 9

Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state

Front 10

Nation state

Back 10

A recognized member of a modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, United nation

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Democracy

Back 11

People are the ultimate sovereign and gave the final say over what happens within the state

Front 12

Multinational state

Back 12

State with more than one nation within its borders

Front 13

Multi state nation

Back 13

Nation that stretches across borders and across states

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Stateless nation

Back 14

Nation that does not have a state

Front 15

Colonialism

Back 15

Rule by an autonomous power over a subordinate and alien people and place

Front 16

Scale

Back 16

Representation of a real world phenomenon at a certain level of reduction or generalization

Front 17

World systems theory

Back 17

The inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divided the world into core, semi periphery, and periphery

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Capitalism

Back 18

Economic model wherein people,corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them in the world market, with the goal of achieving profit

Front 19

Commodification

Back 19

The process through which something is given monetary value

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Core

Back 20

Processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth

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Periphery

Back 21

Processes that incorporate lower levels of education, Lower salaries, wine less technology; and generate less wealth than core processes

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Semi-periphery

Back 22

Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring

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Ability

Back 23

The capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve its goals through diplomatic,economic, and materialistic means

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Centripetal

Back 24

Forces that tend to unify a country

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Centripetal

Back 25

Forces that tend to unify a country

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Unitary

Back 26

Nation state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state

Front 27

Unitary

Back 27

Nation state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state

Front 28

Federal

Back 28

A political territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within within a nation state

Front 29

Devolution

Back 29

Process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government

Front 30

Unitary

Back 30

Nation state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state

Front 31

Federal

Back 31

A political territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within within a nation state

Front 32

Devolution

Back 32

Process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government

Front 33

Territorial representation

Back 33

System wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district

Front 34

Reapportionment

Back 34

Process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people

Front 35

Splitting

Back 35

Process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts

Front 36

Majority minority districts

Back 36

The process by which a majority of the population is from the minority

Front 37

Splitting

Back 37

Process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts

Front 38

Majority minority districts

Back 38

The process by which a majority of the population is from the minority

Front 39

Gerrymandering

Back 39

The practice of diving the areas into electoral districts to give one political an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districts as possible

Front 40

Boundary

Back 40

Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and airspace above the surface

Front 41

Geometric boundary

Back 41

Boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc

Front 42

Physical political boundary

Back 42

Boundary defined and limited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape

Front 43

Heart land theory

Back 43

Any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world

Front 44

Critical geopolitics

Back 44

Geopolitics and deconstruct and focus on explaining the undergoing spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of politicians

Front 45

Unilateralism

Back 45

One state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision making process

Front 46

Supranational organization

Back 46

Venture involving three or more nation states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives

Front 47

Deterritorialization

Back 47

Describes the economic,social, and cultural geographies that look less and less like the maps of states

Front 48

Deterritorialization

Back 48

Describes the economic,social, and cultural geographies that look less and less like the maps of states

Front 49

Reterritorialization

Back 49

States are moving to solidify control over its territory

Front 50

Deterritorialization

Back 50

Describes the economic,social, and cultural geographies that look less and less like the maps of states

Front 51

Reterritorialization

Back 51

States are moving to solidify control over its territory

Front 52

Compact state

Back 52

State that possesses a rough circular,oval, or rectangular territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions

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Prorupted state

Back 53

Narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory

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Prorupted state

Back 54

Narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory

Front 55

Elongated state

Back 55

Territory is long and narrow in shape

Front 56

Prorupted state

Back 56

Narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory

Front 57

Elongated state

Back 57

Territory is long and narrow in shape

Front 58

Fragmented state

Back 58

Not contiguous whole but rather separated parts

Front 59

Prorupted state

Back 59

Narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory

Front 60

Elongated state

Back 60

Territory is long and narrow in shape

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Fragmented state

Back 61

Not contiguous whole but rather separated parts

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Perforated state

Back 62

Territory completely surrounds that of another state

Front 63

Prorupted state

Back 63

Narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory

Front 64

Elongated state

Back 64

Territory is long and narrow in shape

Front 65

Fragmented state

Back 65

Not contiguous whole but rather separated parts

Front 66

Perforated state

Back 66

Territory completely surrounds that of another state

Front 67

Enclave

Back 67

A country or part of a country that is surrounded by another

Front 68

Prorupted state

Back 68

Narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main body of the territory

Front 69

Elongated state

Back 69

Territory is long and narrow in shape

Front 70

Fragmented state

Back 70

Not contiguous whole but rather separated parts

Front 71

Perforated state

Back 71

Territory completely surrounds that of another state

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Enclave

Back 72

A country or part of a country that is surrounded by another

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Enclave

Back 73

Part of a country that is or almost completely separated from the main part of the country