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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is consciousness?
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our awareness of ourselves and our environment
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What did William James mean by streams of consciousness?
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Consciousness moves, flows, and changes
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What are automatic and controlled processes?
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automatic processes: occur with little awareness, require minimal attention, and don't interfere much with other activities
Controlled processes: require alert awareness attention, and interfere with ongoing activities |
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Which are performed serially? (automatic or controlled)
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controlled
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Which can be performed in parallel? (automatic or controlled)
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automatic
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what does serially mean?
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one process at a time
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what does in parallel mean?
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more than one process at a time
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how much time does a young adult spend daydreaming? how is this tested?
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1/3 of waking time daydreaming.
experience methods. |
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Fantasy prone personalities - what are the traits? approximately what percentage of the population?
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someone who imagines and recalls experiences with life like vividness and spend considerable time fantasizing
4% of population |
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how much time spent fantasizing?
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1/2 of waking life
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What is hypnosis?
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A social interaction in which one person(hypnotist) suggests to another(the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
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Two view of hypnosis: What are they? (What evidence does each use?)
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Hypnosis as a social phenomenon.
Subjects were following orders of the hypnotist, until he revealed that it is to test the gullibility. Hypnosis as divided consciousness -hypnotized subjects sometimes carry out suggested behavior when no one is watching. When they are told to think of a color, that area of the brain lit up. A compelling hallucination. |
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What is neo dissociation theory.
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Enest Heilgard.
-during hypnosis, our consciousness divides into two streams. -Part of consciousness aware of the hypnotist and the external world. -hidden observer a hypnotist subject's awareness of experiences that go unreported during hypnosis. |
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What are biological rhythms.
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periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning.
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What is circadian rhythms?
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24 hour biological cycles
sleep, body temp., blood pressure, urine production, horomonal secretion |
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EEG, EMG, EOG - What are these? What do they measure?
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EEG - electrical changes in brain's cortex
EMG - measures muscle tones EOG - Voltage across the eye. Measures eye movement |
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What is muscle tone?
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ongoing tension of muscle while supporting the body
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What are sleep spindles?
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bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity
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K-complexes?
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the big spindle
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What are delta waves?
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large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
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When does hypnogogic imagery occur?
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sensory experience of on set of sleep.
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When does hypnopompic imagery occur?
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sensory experience upon awakening
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During which sleep stage does sleep walking and bedwetting normally occur?
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3 and 4
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What are tonic events?
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continues throughout REM
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What are phasic events?
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Periodic.Eye movement, middle ear twitching, muscle twitching
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how does length of sleep stages change throughout the night?
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REM sleep gets longer and delta sleep decreases in duration
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What is the length of a cycle of sleep?
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90 minutes on a 24hour cycle
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How do sleep stages change with age?
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less sleep needed as you get older.
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What are the effects of sleep deprivation on a normal person?
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agitated and impulsive
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According to the research described in class what is the effect of total sleep deprivation on rats?
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death
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How were the rats prevented from sleeping?
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forced walking, water
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What are yoked controls?
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animal is paired with an experimental animal; each receives the same treatment, but the treatment is controlled by the experimental animal's behavior
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what are the effects of REM sleep deprivation?
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longer REM sleep
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What is REM rebound?
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tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
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What are the 4 major types of sleep theories?
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Protection
recuperation aids memory growth |
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Insomnia - effects and side-effects of sleeping pill, narcolepsy
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Insomnia - cant sleep
sleeping pills reduce REM sleep and bad hangover next day. need more doses to get an effect Narcolepsy-uncontrollable sleep attacks. |
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What state of sleep seems involved with insomnia?
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stage 1
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What is cataplexy?
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a disorder whose principal signs are EDS (Excessive Daytime Sleepiness), sleep attacks, sleep paralysis, hypnopompic hallucinations and disturbed night-time sleep.
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sleep apneas, sleepwalking - truths and myths, What are night terrors?
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sleep apnea - temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
Night terrors are high arousal and appearance of being terrified |
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During which sleep stage do night terrors occur?
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stage 4
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during which sleep stage do nightmares occur?
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REM
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What is content analysis of dreams?
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the study of recorded human communications, such as books, websites, paintings and laws.
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what is false awakenings?
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an event in which someone dreams they have awakened from sleep.
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what is sleep paralysis?
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feels like something is pressing against your chest
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what is the manifest content of a dream?
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remembered story line of a dream
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what is latent content?
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underlying meaning of dreams
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What are psychoactive drugs?
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chemicals that change perptions and moods.
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