Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Central Nervous System |
Brain and Spinal Cord |
|
|
Peripheral Nervous System |
All other nerves that lead away or towards the brain and Spinal Cord |
|
|
Neuroglia/Glial Cells |
Supporting Cells that aid the functions of neurons |
|
|
Types of Neurons and function |
Sensory/Afferent Neurons - info from PNS travels through these Neurons to CNS
Motor/Efferent Neurons - info from CNS travels through these Neurons to PNS. |
|
|
Parts of a neuron and function |
Cell body - enlarged portion of cell that has the nucleus. "Nutritional Center" of the neuron
Dendrites - provide a receptive area that transmits graded electrochemical impulses to cell body
Axon - carries the electrochemical impulses away from cell body
Axon Collateral - branches of axons |
|
|
Anterograde Transport |
Axonal transport from cell body to the axon and dendrites. Involves molecular motors of kinesin proteins. |
|
|
Retrograde Transport |
Axonal Transport from along the axon and dendrites to the cell body. Involves motor protein dynein and dynactin. |
|
|
Schwann Cells |
- Form myelin sheaths around peripheral axons - Neuroglial Cell in PNS |
|
|
Satellite Cells |
Support cell bodies w/in the ganglia of the PNS |
|
|
Names of PNS Neuroglial Cells |
Schwann Cells Satellite Cells |
|
|
Names of Neuroglial Cells in CNS |
Oligodendrocytes Microglia Astrocytes Ependymal Cells |
|
|
Oligodendrocytes |
Form myelin sheaths around axons of the CNS |
|
|
Microglia |
Migrates through the CNS and phagocytose foreign and degenerative material. |
|
|
Astrocytes |
Help regulate the external environment of neurons. Covers the capillaries of CNS and induces the blood brain barrier. |
|
|
Ependymal Cells |
Line the ventricles of the brain and Central canal of the spinal cord |
|
|
Functions of astrocytes |
- take up K from the extracellular fluid - take up some neurotransmitters released from the axon terminals - take up glucose from the blood. Glucose -> lactic acid -> energy for neurons to function - synapse formation, maturation, and maintenance - regulate neurogenisis - induce formation of BBB - release chemicals that can stimulate or inhibit neurons |
|
|
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) |
- only selective molecules can cross this barrier. - can make medications complicated because some medications may not be able to cross this barrier. |
|
|
Voltage gated channels |
Gates that's open and close in response to change in membrane potential |
|
|
Ligand Gated Channels |
Opens when a specific neurotransmitter latches on to it's receptors |
|
|
Mechanically gated channels |
Opens when the membrane is physically stretched |
|
|
Interneurons |
Multipolar neurons located within CNS |
|
|
Nodes of Ranvier |
Gap between the myelin sheaths of the axon |
