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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define bond energy
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energy required to break a chemical bond and fom a neutral isolated atom
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define bond length
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the distance between 2 bonded atoms at their min. potential energy that is the average distance between two bonded atoms
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define covalent bond
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a chemical bond resulting from the sharing of an e- pair between 2 atoms
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define ionic bond
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the chemical bond resutling from electrical attractions between cations and anions
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bond strength is measured by ____ in covalent bonds
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bond energy
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bond strength in ionic bonds is measured by _____
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lattice energy
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the smallest unit or particle of energy in covalent bonds are ____
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molecules
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the smallest unit or particle of energy in covalent bonds are ____
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ions
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which has a higher melting point: covalent or ionic bonds
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ionic
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which has a higher boiling point: covalent or ionic bonds
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ionic
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which has a higher volatility: covalent or ionic bonds
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covalent
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Do covalent bonds have conductivity?
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no
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Do ionic bonds have conductivity?
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Yes, if dissolved in water or in their molten state.
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At what stage of energy do covalent bonds form and why?
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the lowest potential energy, b/c the repulusion of the forces between nucleusees=the attraction between nucleuses and e-s
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what unit is bond length measured in
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pm-pikometers
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what is the relationship between bond length and bond energy?
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as bond length increases, bond energy decreases.
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What are the two rules to Lewis structures?
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1) Hydrogen never becomes the center atom
2) the center atom has the lowest electronegativity |
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What does the VESPR theory stand for?
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Valence Shell Electron pair Repulsion
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What does the VESPR theory mean?
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When making Lewis structures spread out the branches and lond pairs equidistance from each other.
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Hudson's helpful hints:
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-lonepairs make the molecules polar
-symatery=nonpolar |
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salt
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anionic compound formed from the attractive forces of a cation and anion
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crystal lattice
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geometric structure that illustrates the ions in space of a crystal
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What is the ratio between Na Cl?
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6Na+:6Cl-=1:1
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endothermic energy means that
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energy is absorbed by the system
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extothermic energy means that
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energy is released by the system
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when making a cyrtal you (release/absorb) more energy
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release
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forming bonds in a lattic releases energy. this energy is called ____.
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lattice energy.
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lattice energy
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the enrgy released when 1 mol of gasesous ions form a crystal
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Why are ionic compounds electrically neutral?
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Each atom of a different element in an ionic bond comes w/ a different charge: cation for positive and anion for negative. Wehn the cation and anion form the conic bond, the positive nad negative add to equal zero.
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which has stronger attraction: covalent or ionic?
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ioinic
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electron trasnfer between atoms is usually
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endothermic
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formulation of ions is usually
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extothermic
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diatomic molecule
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a molecule containing only two atoms
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Formula unit
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the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound's formula can be established
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polar
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bonds where elctrons are more strongly attracted by the more electronegative atom
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chemical bond
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a multual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence e- of different atom that binds the atoms together
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covalent polar bond
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covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared e-
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nonpolar
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covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally by bonded atoms resulting in a blanced distribution of electrical charge
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metallic properties
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shiney, malleable, ductile
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metlallic bonding
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bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surround sea of e-
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delocalized
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e- that do not belong to any one atom but move freely around metal's network of empty atomic orbitals
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metallic bond strength
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varies
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