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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the bodies largest organ? |
Skin (Integument) |
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What is the average amount of skin per adult? |
1.6-1.9 m^2 |
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What describes the skin and it's appendages? |
Integumentary System |
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What are the skins appendages? |
Hair, nails, and skin glands. |
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What is skin classified as? |
A cutaneous membrane. |
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What are the two primary layers of the skin? |
Dermis and Epidermis |
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What lies below the dermis? |
Hypodermis |
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What 2 other names for the hypodermis? |
Subcutaneous Layer and Superficial fascia. |
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What does the hypodermis do? |
It supplies the skin with a rich blood supply. |
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Where is thick skin located and how thick is it? |
Soles of feet and palms of hands. It is approximately 4-5mm thick. |
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Where is thin skin located and how thick is it? |
Covers most of the body. It's about 1-3 mm thick. |
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Epidermis is made of what kind of cells? |
Epithelial |
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What percent of our cells are keratinocytes? |
90% |
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What is the principle structural element of the outer skin? |
Keratinocytes |
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What are melanocytes? |
Pigment producing cells |
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What cells are branched and play a role in immune response? |
Langerhans Cells |
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Stratum Germinativum is the growth layer and consists of what two things together? |
stratum spinosum and stratum basale together. |
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Regeneration Time |
Time required for epidermal cells to form in the stratum basal and migrate to the skin surface. |
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How long is the epidermal regeneration time? |
35 days. |
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What connects the dermis and the epidermis? |
The dermal-epidermal junction |
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Arrector Pili |
Muscles and hair follicles. |
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What four things are included in the dermis? |
Arrector pili, sensory receptors, sweat and sebaceous glands, and blood vessels. |
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What kind of tissue makes up the dermis? |
Connective |
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What is the papillary layer composed of? |
Dermal papillae |
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What causes fingerprints? |
Epidermal ridges |
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What does the reticular layer do? |
It interlaces white collegenous fibers and elastic fibers to make the skin tough and stretchable. |
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What are cleavage lines? |
Patterns formed by the collegenous fibers of the reticular layer of the dermis. |
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What are two names for the hypodermis? |
Subcutaneous layer, or superficial fascia. |
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What are melanosomes? |
Melanin packets that have been released by melanocytes. |
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What is albinism? |
It is the congenital absence of melanin. |
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What regulates albinism? |
Tyronisase, exposure to sun, and certain hormones (ACTH). |
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What are two other substances that affect pigment of skin? |
Beta-Carotene (Group of yellowish pigments from food) and Hemoglobin. |
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What is Cynosis? |
Bluish color of skin caused by the darkening of hemoglobin when it loses oxygen and gains carbon dioxide. |
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What are other pigments? |
Cosmetics, tattoos, and bile pigments in Jaundice |
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List the functions of the skin. |
Protect, prevent dehydration, protect from sun exposure, sensation, flexibility, excretion, hormone production, immunity. |
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What is the surface film on skin? |
Emulsified protective barrier formed by mixing of residue and secretions of sweat and sebaceous glands with sloughed epithelial cells from skin surface, shedding of epithelial elements is called desquamation. |
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What do somatic sensory receptors do? |
They detect stimuli that permit us to detect pressure, touch, temperature, pain, and other general senses. |
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Phagoctye |
Cells that destroy bacteria. |
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What do Langerhans cells do? |
They trigger helpful immune reaction working with "Helper T Cells". |
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How much heat loss occurs through the skin? |
80% |
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Evaporation |
Especially important at high environmental temperatures when it is the only method by which heat can be lost from the skin. |
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Rotation |
transfer of heat from one object to another without actual contact. |
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Conduction |
transfer of heat to any substance actually in contact with the body. |
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Convection |
Transfer of heat away from a surface by movement of air. |
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What controls heat loss? |
A negative feed-back loop. |
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What are the receptors in the hypothalamus called? |
Integrator. |
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What does the hypothalamus do if body temperature is increased? |
It sends a neuron signal to the sweat glands and blood vessels (Called effectors) of the skin. |
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How long does the hypothalamus act when body temperature is increased? |
Until the body returns to normal. |
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What is the most common type of skin cancer? |
Basal cell carcinoma. It is most common on the face and nose. it does not metastasize. |
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What is the deadliest form of skin cancer? |
Malignant Melanoma. Identifiable by some sort of change in a mole. It does metastasize. |
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When checking a mole you should look for... |
ABCD A- asymmetrical B- Border C- Color D- Diameter |
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What parts of the body does hair cover? |
All of the body except for palms and soles. |
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What is the soft hair coat that covers babies before birth? |
Lanugo. |
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What do Sebaceous glands do? |
attach to and secrete sebum (skin oil) into follicle. |
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nail body |
visible part of each nail |
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nail bed |
layer of epithelium under nail body. Contains an abundance of blood vessels. |
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Eccrine gland |
Most numerous sweat glands. Cover entire body except lips, ears, glans penis, nails |
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appocrine glands |
located in the axilla, areola, and around anus. They begin functioning during puberty. |
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What is sebum? |
OIly substance that keeps hair and skin soft and pliant. Found in dermis except for palms and soles. |
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What are ceruminous glands? |
Modified appocrine sweat glands. |
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Where is wax produced? |
External ear canal |
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What is the function of the cerumen? |
Protect from dehydration. |
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1st Degree Burn |
Only effects the epidermis. It may cause redness of the skin, discomfort, and maybe some peeling. |
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2nd Degree Burn |
Damages the dermis and epidermis. Causes blisters, severe pain, swelling, and may cause scarring. |
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3rd Degree Burn |
Destroys dermis and epidermis. May also damage underlying tissues. |
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Full Thickness Burn |
Another name for 3rd degree burn. |
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Partial thickness burn |
Another name for first and second degree burns |
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Stratum basale |
Single layer of columnar cells that undergo mitosis |
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Stratum corneum |
The most superficial layer of the epidermis; composed of many squamos cells. |
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Stratum granulosum |
Layer in which the process of keratinization begins; the cells are filled with keratohcytes |
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Stratum lucidum |
Layer that is absent in thin skin; cells are filled with a gel like substance called eleidin. |
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Stratum spinosum |
Contains cells rich in ribonucleic acid and has prominent intercellular bridges of desmosomes. |
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Albinism |
Deficiency or complete lack of pigment in skin |
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Decubitis ulcer |
Often referred to as a red sore. |
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Eccrine |
Most prevalent sweat gland |
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Hypothermia |
Low body temperature |
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Kaposi sarcoma |
A form of skin cancer that appears in many cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. |
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Lanula |
Crescent shaped white area at the base of nail |
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Melanoma |
A cancer that develops from pigmented moles. |
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Subcutaneous |
Beneath the skin |
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Warts |
Caused by papillomaviruses. |
