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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Flexion |
Bending of the joints |
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Extension |
Straightening of the joints |
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Bilateral |
Both sides of midline |
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Prone |
Lying face down |
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Supine |
Lying face up |
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Directional terms |
Anterior Posterior Superior Inferior Lateral (from side) Medial (near midline) Proximal (near point of attachment) Distal Superficial Deep Ventral (anterior side / belly) Dorsal Palmer (palm) Plantar (foot) Apex (too/ highest point of something) |
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Foramen magnum |
Brain connects to spinal cord through large opening at base of skull. |
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Acetabulum |
Depression on lateral pelvis where 3 component bones join; femoral head fits. |
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Circulatory system |
Arteries Arterioles Capillaries -> where exchange happens; allows contact b/w blood and cells. Venules Veins Two Circuits: Systemic (body) Pulmonary (lungs)
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Endocrine system |
Messages and control system. Hormones released directly into blood stream. Brain controls release of hormones |
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Lymphatic system |
Circulatory and immune system Lymph: carries O2 and nutrients to cells. Rods body of toxins and wastes |
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Quadrants |
R.Upper (liver,gallbladder,colon) L. Upper (stomach,spleen,) R. Lower (cecum, ascending colon) L. Lower (descending colon, sigmoid colon) Small intestines,pancreas, large intestine, urinary bladder all lay in more than 1 quadrant. |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
Somatic (signals from brain to voluntary muscles) Walk, talk, write. Autonomic: (involentary) Digestion, dialation, constriction,of blood vessels. Sympathetic (fight/flight) Parasympathetic (slows body) Digestive system. |
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CNS |
Brain -cerebrum (hearing,balance,speech) -cerebellum (body movements) -brain stem (cardiac and respiratory) -spinal cord (messages with body and brain) |
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Blood |
Transport O2 and CO2 , wastes and nutrients. Coagulation (clotting) |
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Perfusion |
Providing blood to organs Blood enters through arteries and leaves through veins |
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Decompensation |
Large blood loss — patient into shock |
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Systole & systolic |
L. Ventricle contracts oxygenated - high point of wave |
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Diastole & diastolic |
L. Ventricle relaxes Low point of wave |
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Inferior vena cava |
Blood from abs, pelvis,and lower extremities |
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Superior vena cava |
Carries blood returning from head, neck, shoulders and upper extremities |
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Normal heart rate / cardiac output / stoke volume |
60-100 BOM - Amt. of blood moved in one min. HR X SV = CO - Amt. blood moves by one beat/ amt. mL pushed out. |
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Ventilation |
Air movement into & out of lungs. - tidal volume (normal rate & depth) Residual volume Dead space Minute volume |
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Respiration |
On own - exchange of oxygen and CO2 in alveoli and tissues. O2 to cells and removes waste Co2 |
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Lower airway |
Thyroid cartilage (Adams Apple) -cricoid (below thyroid) - Trachea - lungs (bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli) |
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Upper airway |
Nose, mouth, tongue, jaw, larynx (voicebox) - pharynx (Naso, oro, laryngo) - Trachea (epiglottis) - esophagus |
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3 types of muscles |
Skeletal (voluntary) Smooth (involentary) Cardiac |
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Skeletal system |
Gives body its shape Protects organs Allows movement Stores calcium Creates blood cells |
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Axial skeleton |
Where arms/ legs attach Skull (cranium) 4 -occiput, temporal, parietal, frontal Face 14 -maxillae, zygomas, mandible, orbit Spinal column (cervical 7, thoracic12, lumbar 5, sacrum 5, coccyx 4) Thorax 12 ribs Thoracic cavity (heart, lungs, esophagus, great vessels) |
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Urinary system |
Fluid balance Filters and eliminates waste Controls Ph (Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder) . |
