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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Open Reduction
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Fracture repair that requires surgery
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Closed reduction
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Fracture repair that does not require surgery
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Partial (incomplete)
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fracture that does not extend through the full transverse width of a bone.
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Complete
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break involving the entire width of the bone
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Closed (simple)
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Bone not through skin
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Open (compound)
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Bone is through skin
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Communited
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Bone Splinters
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Greenstick
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Esp. in young; bone splinters at one end (side) only
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Spiral
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A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart and the line of break is helical.
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Transverse
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Break at rt. angle to long acis of bone
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Impacted
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One bone driven into another
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Pott's
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Break at distal end of fibula
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Colles
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Distal end of radius breaks and is displaced backwards
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Displaced
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Bones not aligned after break
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Nondisplaced
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Bones remain in alignment after break
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Stress
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Partial fracture, esp. from pounding while running hard surface, 1/4 occur at distal end of fibula
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Pathological
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From neoplasm = new tissue from tumor or bone infection; bone is thus very weak
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Hematoma
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rupshired blood vessel
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Fracture Repair
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1. Formation of fracture hematoma
2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation 3. Bony callus formation 4. Bone remodeling |
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Fracture hematoma
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Clot that forms after 6 to 8 hours after break
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Fibrocartilagenous Callus Formation
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capillaries filtervnew blood into fracture hematoma helps organize into growing conn. tissue (procallus)
Fibroblast, osteogenic cells, and red marrow invade the procallus Fibroblast form collagen fiber which help connect broken bones togther Phagocytes continue to remove debris Osteogenic cells form chondroblasts which forms fibrocartilage. |
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Bony Callus Formation
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Osteogenitor cells give rise to Osteoblasts which start to make spongy bone trabeculae.
Trabeculae join with living and dead bone fragments Fibrocartilage is turned into spongy bone |
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Bone Remodeling
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Dead fragments of bone are resorbed by osteoclasts
Compact bone replaces spongy bone A thickened area on the surface of the bone may remain after repair |
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Stimulates growth
Increases bone mass |
What are the effects of exercise (2)?
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Decalification
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loss of calcium and mineral from extracellular matrix
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Osteoporosis
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From decreases in estrogen - stimulates osteoblasts - more estrogen in females thus results in less bone mass
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Decrease in protein metabolism
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Brittle bones
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Brittle bones
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Less protein in diet, etc. means less collagen = less hardening = _____.
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