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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Cell Theory |
The theory that all living things are made up of cells 1. Cells or products made by cells are the units of structur and function in organisms 2. All cells come from pre existing cells |
This theory was discovered in the early 1800s |
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Prokaryotes |
Prokaryotes are bacteria, smaller than eukaryotes and can live just about anywhere. |
Can live in extreme conditions like salt flats and deep ocean vents. |
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Eukaryotes |
Eukaryotes make up all living things. They are larger and more complex than prokaryotes |
These cells are found in animals and plants |
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Nucleus |
Enclosed by a membrane and carry the DNA of a eukaryote cell. |
The brain of the cell |
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Chromosome |
structures found in the nucleoid that carry |
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Nucleoid |
Nucleoids contain most of a prokaryotes DNA and isn't separated by the cytoplasm by a membrane like a nucleus |
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Plasma |
Plasmids contain double stranded DNA and are used by prokaryotes to hold information and carry out processes |
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Flagella |
Protein strands that are connected to some prokaryotes that allow bacteria to move around in fluids |
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Cell/plasma membrane |
The cell plasma membrane encloses the cell to cell its shape |
Both plant and animal cells have the cell membrane but animal cells only have the cell membrane |
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Cell wall |
The cell wall is a rigid stuck urge made up of cellulose and carbohydrates and surrounds the plasma membrane |
The cell wall is only found in plant cells and some unicellular eukaryotes |
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Ribosomes |
ribosomes catalyze the synthesis of a cells proteins. Ribosomes are made up of RNA and proteins |
Ribosomes are connected to the endopladmic reticulum |
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Cytoplasm |
Cytoplasm is the area that surrounds cells |
Cytoplasm is made up of cytosol |
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Cytosol |
Cytosol is the solution that makes up the substance of cytoplasm |
Are thought to be made up of very thin fibers unlike the presumption that it was made up of water and other molecules |
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Organelles |
Parts of a eukaryote cell that is separated by other parts of the cell and is not found prokaryotes |
This allows eukaryotes to be more efficient as the separation of organelles don't necessarily of to interact with each other during processes. |
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Nucleolus |
Sites where RNA is turned into protein-synthesizers |
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Cytoskeleton |
Made up of thick fibers, the cytoskeleton is used to keep organelles in place |
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Microtubules |
Filling to in eukaryotic cells that allow the cell to move. These line up across each other when the cell is ready to reproduce |
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Microfilaments |
Found in eukaryotic cells, they work with microtubules to help build the structure of the cell. Microfilaments are made of proteins.
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Microfilaments are really thin |
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Rough ER |
Found throughout the cell but found most commonly near the Golgi apparatus, the Rough ER connects organelles that transport molecules. Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface |
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Smooth ER |
Found throughout the cell, smooth ER connects organelles that transport molecules to other parts of the cell. Smooth ER doesn't have Ribosomes on its surface |
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Golgi apparatus |
When substances are passed through the cell, they must be passed through the ER and and Golgi apparatus, which turns the substances into vesicles |
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Vesicles |
Vesicles are created by the Golgi Apparatus when substances pass through the ER and Golgi apparatus. These vesicles are used to send substances to other organelles |
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Lysosomes |
Contains enzymes that break down macromolecules that are later reused |
These are special vesicles that are only found in animal and some other eukaryotic cells |
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Vacuoles |
Vesicles that are found in most plat cells they are made up of digestive enzymes and makes up about 90% of plant cells |
Gives roots its characteristic color |
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Centrioles |
Cylindrical microtubules that help alight the cell when the cell is ready to reproduce |
When the microtubules intersect each other when the cell prepares itself for cell division they intersect one another at an 90° angle |
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Cilia |
Cilia are very small flagella that surround the cell to help the cell to move |
Lungs are filled with cilia because the cilia help move mucus and foreign particles out of the lungs. |
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Mitochondria |
Where the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system takes place and is where most ATP is produced |
The powerhouse of the cell |
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Chloroplast |
Chloroplast is found in plant cells and is the organelles that produces photosynthesis |
This organelle is known for giving plants their green color |
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Colony |
A group of similar cells or bacteria that live together to help each other. But each cell is still its own organisms |
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Multicellular |
Multicellular organisms are organisms made up of multiple cells like people and plants |
Different than a colony because it is one organism instead of multiple unicellular organisms living near one another |
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Cell differentiation |
Cellular differentiation is when one cell changes from one type of cell to another. |
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Tissue |
Large groups of the same cell that work together to form an organ or muscle group |
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Organ |
Made up of tissues and does a function that is beneficial to the organism it resides in |
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Organ system |
A group of organs that work together to carry out one or more functions |
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Organism |
A broad definition for all living things that carry out functions This can vary from people plants to cells |
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