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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did the British face problems in N. America after the French and Indian War?
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~conflicts w/ Native Americans about land~Native Americans had raids on British forts and villages~Proclamation of 1763~soldiers in the colonies on the frontier
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Why did the American colonists object to the new British laws?
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~limited basic freedom~abuse of power~interfere w/ colonists' liberties ~distrust~tax colonists w/out consulting colonial legislatures
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George Greenville
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British finance minister; 1764; decided colonists should contribute more toward expenses in N. America; created the writs of assistance
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Sugar Act (definition)
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allowed British collect tax on molasses and increase their revenues
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who was the sugar act passed by
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passed by British Parliament
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what were the consequences of the sugar act
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established special courts to hear smuggling cases where judges (not Juries) decided whether smugglers should be jailed
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why did the colonists enrage about the sugar act
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colonists enraged because their taxes were being used for the British treasury
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Virginia House of Burgesses
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group of people elected to represent Virginia; wanted action against the stamp act and Patrick Henry spoke up
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Patrick Henry
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persuaded Virginia House of Burgesses to take action against Stamp Act; member of the Virginia House of Burgesses; wanted to create union
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what did the Virginia Assembly pass
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a resolution declaring it had the only sole exclusive right and power to lay taxes on its citizens
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Samuel Adams
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started Sons of Liberty; Boston; protested stamp act
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Sons of Liberty
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boycott against Britain/British goods; a protest group against stamp act; encouraged citizens to protest; burned effigies; destroyed houses of royal officals
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New York
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held Stamp Act congress; drafted petition declaring that colonies could not be taxed except by their own assemblies
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1766
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took away stamp act; placed declaratory act
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declaratory act
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stated that parliament had right to tax and make decisions for the British colonies in all cases whatsoever
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Daughters of Liberty
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support boycott of British goods; colonial women; urged Americans to wear homemade fabrics and produce other goods
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James Otis
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lawyer in Boston; "Taxation without Representation is Tyranny"; thought colonies should not be taxed by Parliament
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revenue
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incoming money
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writs of assistance
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legal documents that allowed officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might have been smuggled
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effigy
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rag figures (dummies) representing unpopular tax collectors
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nonimportation
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agreement not to import or use certain goods; refusal to import or use goods imported from Great Britain
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repeal
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cancel
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what did the writs of assistance enable British customs officers to search?
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homes and warehoues
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why did the colonists pay lower taxes on molasses?
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British lowered tax b/c they thought colonists would not buy foreign molasses and in turn increase British revenues
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what act ignored the colonial tradition of self-government?
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stamp act
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what act taxed goods being imported to th colonies?
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townshend acts
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townshend acts
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taxes applied to imported goods
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the daughters of liberty took an active role to protest what act?
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townshend acts
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why did the boston colonists clash w/ the british soldiers in the boston massacre
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~colonists never liked the idea of the british soldiers in america~soldiers acted rudely and sometimes even violently toward colonists
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what led up to the boston massacre/ what was the boston massacre
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~1768 a fleet of British ships into boston harbor-brought british soldiers~fights~1770 tension reached a peak~confused redcoatfired into crowd and shots rang out~colonists felt occupied~5 colonists killed
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how did the british government try to maintain its control over the colonies?
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~britain sent over 700 soldiers~passed the Tea Act of 1773:save East India Company~tea to colonies w/out paying most of the taxes usually placed on tea~Coercive Acts
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Coercive Acts
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harsh laws intended to make Massachusetts pay for its resistance; passed by King George III; closed Boston Harbor until they paid for dumped tea; closed town meetings; created quartering act; colonists called it Intolerable Acts
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Boston Harbor
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harbor in Boston; docked ships; sited of Boston Tea Party
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Crispus Attacks
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an African American dockworker who some said was the leader of the crowd; free slave; killed during Boston Massacre
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Boston Massacre
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March 5th, 1770; redcoats killed 5 colonists in an approaching crowd
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Boston Tea Party
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~1773~group of men disguised themselves as Mohawks and armed w/ hatchets~boarded 3 ships and threw 342 chests of tea overboard~ colonists protest against rude behavior~Sam Adams and Sons of Liberty
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propaganda
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information designed to influence opinion
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committee of correspondence
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organization used in earlier protests; circulated writings about colonist's grievances against Britain
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what did the woolen act do
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prohibit the colonial exports of wool or wool products
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anti-british feelings of the colonists became more intense because of paul revere's engraving of what
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Boston Massacre aka 'Common Sense'; a british officer giving the order to fire on an orderly crowd
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what act gave the east india company an advantage over colonial merchants
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tea act
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some colonists celebrated one major act of defiance. What was the act and how did they celebrate
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tea act (boston tea party); pouring into streets to celebrate boston sons of liberty for boldly championing the colonial cause
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what colonial laws prohibited town meetings in massachusetts
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coercive acts (intolerable acts)
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what happened at the continental congress in philadelphia
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~draft a statement of grievances for repeal of 13 acts of parliament~voted to boycott all british goods and trade~voted to form militias~formed by 56 delegates
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how did the colonists meet british soldiers in the first resort to arms
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~70 minutementon lexington town square alerted by Revere and Dawes, "shot heard round the world", minutemen died~British troops to concord: militia's gun powder moved, destroyed what was left and went back to Boston;minutemen waiting: 200 brit. wounded, 73 killed
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continental congress
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delegates from all colonies but georgia; purpose: establish political body for American interests; Sept. 1774; 56 delegates
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John Adams
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massachusetts; lawyer; delegate; Continental Congress
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John Jay
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New York; lawyer; delegate; continental congress
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richard henry lee
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virginia; outspoken; delegate; continental congress
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george washington
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virginia; delegate; continental congress
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was the declaration of independence signed before, during, or after the war
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during
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concord
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where militia stored arms and ammunition; where brit. redcoats destroyed militia's gunpowder that hadn't already been removed; April 19, 1773
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paul revere
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leading members of soms of liberty; rode to tell Sam Adams and John Hancock and lexington that the british were coming; April 18, 1775
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lexington
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twon east of concord; 1st battle of American Revolution; April 19, 1775; place where "shot was heard around the world"
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ethan allen
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green mountain boys' leader; capturted british fort ticonderoga; may 1775
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Fort Ticonderoga
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on lake champlain; capturted by ethan allen in a suprise attack; british fort
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battle of bunker hill
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june 16,1775; bloody and many deaths; Col. William Prescott and 1200 minutmen; near boston harbor; british won and they realized it would not be an easy fight
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who said "the blows must decide" who rules america
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king george III
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what man received orders to take away the weapons of the massachusetts militai
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sir thomas gage (british general)
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paul revere and this man warned john hancock and sam adams that the british were coming. how did they do this
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william dawes; rode to lexington to warn sam adams and john hancock; yelled "the regulars are out!" and "The British are coming"
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the green mountain boys captured what british-held fort? their leader was who?
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Fort Ticonderoga; Ethan Allen
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the british learned that defeating the Americans would not be easy in what battle
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battle of bunker hill
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what happened at the second continental congress in philadelphia
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~debate over if american colonies should be independent~meet on May 10,1775~authorized printing of money~committees of correspondence w/ Indians~created Continental Army w/ a leader of G. Washington
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who set up the 1st post office
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ben franklin
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why did the colonists draft the declaration of independence/What did they show they wanted freedom
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~show they really wanted freedom~K. George sent troops to america~g. washington~ redcoats withdrew under Howe~Tom Paine: Common Sense~Committee of 5~Richard Henry Lee proposed resolution
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2nd Continental Congress
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delegates from all colonies; assembled in Philadelphia; May 10,1775
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olive branch petition
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assured king of the colonists' desire for peace; July 1775; petition sent to king george III telling the colonies wanted peace; asked king to protect their rights; he denied it
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Ben Franklin
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respected; PA legislature; spokesman in England; inventor, politician, influential; acted as colonial spokesperson in london during stamp act crisis
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Thomas Jefferson
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virgina House of Burgesses; brilliant thinker, writer; worked for independence; committee of 5; wrote declaration;
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Thomas Paine
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published Common Sense which sold 120,000 copies; wanted complete independence
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declaration of independence
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showed king they wanted independence; document declaring colonies as indep. nations
1)preamble 2)listing of rights 3)colonists complaints 4)existence as a new nation |
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Abigail adams
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john adams' wife; interested in women's rights
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john pitcarin
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a major for britain; took troops to concord: redcoat leader
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benedict arnold
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led attack on Quebec-1776; failed; kept forces outside quebec through winter; returned to Fort Ticonderoga
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captain John parker
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leader of minutemen; in charge of lexington
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ralph waldo emerson
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poet; wrote "the concord hymn"
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petition
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formal request
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preamble
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introduction
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what group was organized to fight against great britain
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continental army
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who was the first commander of the continental army
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g. washington
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what did the olive branch petition ask the king to do
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protect the colonist's rights; colonists felt parliament was trying to destroy colonists' rights
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who led the attack on quebec
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benedict arnold
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who was the fist man to sign the declaration of independence
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john hancock: president of 2nd continental congress
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