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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hypochondriasis causes
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-cognitive perceptual distortions
-familial history of illness |
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hypochondriasis treatment
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-challenge illness-related misconceptions
-provide more substantial and sensitive reassurance -stress management and coping strategies |
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somatization disorder causes
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-familial history
-relation with antisocial personality disorder -weak behavioral inhibition system |
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somatization disorder treatment
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-no treatment exists with demonstrated effectiveness
-reduce the tendency to visit numerous medical specialists -assign "gatekeeper" to physician -reduce supportive consequences of talk about physcial symptoms |
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conversion disorder causes
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-detachment from the trauma and negative reinforcement
-address primary/secondary gain |
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converstion disorder treatment
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-similiar to somatization disorder
-core strategy is attending to the trauma |
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body dysmorphic disorder description
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-previously known as dysmorphophobia
-preoccupation with imagined defect in appearance -often display ideas of reference for imagined defect -suicideal ideation and behavior are common -distort facial features -obsessed with mirrors; either avoid or obsess -higher suicidal behaviors -see world problems as related to their facial features -equal male/female ratio -onset in 20s, sometimes adolescence |
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body dysmorphic disorder stats
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-more common than originally thought
-most remain single, and many seek out plastic surgeons -present more to plastics than other docs -usually runs a lifelong chronic course |
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body dysmorphic disorder causes
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-little is known
-tends to run in families -similar to OCD (mirror checking) |
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body dysmorphic disorder treatment
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-parallels with OCD; the meds that work for OCD provide some relief (SSRIs)
-exposure and response prevention -plastic surgery unhelpful |
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dissociative disorders overview
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-involve severe alterations or detachments
-affects identity, memory, consciousness -depersonalization --> distortion is perception of reality -derealization --> losing a sense of the external world (things may change shape/size, people appear mechanical) -contraversal |
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DSM dissociative disorders
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-depersonalization disorder
-dissociative amnesia -dissociative fugue -dissociative trance disorder -dissociative identity disorder -not seen often |
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depersonalization disorder
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severe and frightening feelings of unreality and detachment
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dissociative amnesia
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-includes several forms of psychogenic memory loss
-generalized vs. localized or selective type -often found in females -don't even know their own identity -localized is more common, can't remember specific events, usually traumatic |
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dissociative fugue
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-related to diss. amnesia
-take off and find themselves in a new place -unable to remember the past -unable to remember how they arrived at this new location -often assume a new identity |
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diss. amnesia and fugue causes/stats
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-usually begin in adulthood
-show rapid onset and dissipation -occur most often in females -little is known about both -trauma and stress can be triggers |
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dissociative identity disorder (DID) aka schizo
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-defining feature is dissociation of personality
-adoption of several new identities (as many as 100) -identities display unique behaviors, voice and posture -alters: different identities or personalities -host: the identity that keeps other identities together; may or may not be the actual person, usually an alter -switch: quick transition from one personality to another; shift in posture, voice can change |
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DID stats
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-average number of identities is close to 15
-ratio of females:males; 9:1 -onset is almost always in childhood -high comorbidity rates and lifelong, chronic course |
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DID causes
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-histories of horrible, unspeakable child abuse (sadistic sexual abuse)
-closely related to PTSD -mechanism to escape from the impact of trauma -natural tendency to avoid problems -could be extreme PTSD -unlikely to develop after age 9 -have creative fantasy life -highly suggestable |
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DID treatment
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-focus is on reintegration of identities
-identify and neutralize cues/triggers that provoke memories of trauma/dissociation -imaginary playmates as a kid |
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diagnostic considerations in somatoform and diss. disorders
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-seperating real problems from malingering (deliberate faking)
-related conditions -- factitious disorder -factitious disorder by proxy; Münchhausen's |
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summary of somatoform and diss disorders
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-features of somatoform: phys probs w/o organic cause
-features of diss disorders: extreme distortions in perception and memory -well established treatments are generally lacking |
