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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
process that occurs when a drug moves across membrane barriers into the bloodstream
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absorption
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an attractive force between chemicals and receptors that causes them to enter into and remain in combination (unique for each drug)
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affinity
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chemical substance that binds to certain receptors selectively and produces specific pharmacological effects
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agonist
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chemical substance that can bind to the same receptor as an agonist, but does not produce their effects
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antagonist
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group of neural structures including nerves, nuclei, and ganglia which manage involuntary functions such as the regulation of blood pressure and body temperature
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A.N.S.
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nerve fiber that conducts information AWAY from the nerve cell body to the axon terminal
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axon
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group of structures in the brain just below the cortex that are important in the coordination of body movements
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basal ganglia
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structures in the lower part of the brain
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brain stem
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brain and spinal cord portions of the nervous system
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C.N.S.
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small globe-like structure that overlies the medulla and pons and that maintains equilibrium, coordination, and mobility
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cerebellum
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largest part of the human brain, this structure is responsible for all higher-level function such as thinking and creativity; the cerebrum
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cerebral cortex
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fibers that conduct infomration TOWARD the nerve cell body of a neuron
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dendrites
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sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers such as Seconal, Halcion, Valium, and ethanol - or beverage alcohol
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depressants
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experience of feeling sandess, "down", "blue", and self-deprecating. In its more severe forms, it may be a more chronic and debilitating condition
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depression
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measurement of how much drug is present in a body fluid or tissue
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drug testing
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process by which a drug moves through the bloodstream and into the brian and other tissues
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distribution
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substances which have an effect on the structure or function of the body
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drugs
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maximum effectiveness of a drug; also, whether a given treatment works
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efficacy
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substances made by the body and belonging to the opiod class of substances; also called opioid peptides
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endorphins
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process by which a substance passes from the body, or from a bodily organ, usually into the blood stream; this can be through urine, sweat, exhalation, and feces
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excretion
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recurrence of a drug-like sensations after not using the specific drug for weeks or months
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flashback
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major disturbance of reailty testing that has no clearly identifiable organic cause
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functional psychosis
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amount of time it takes to eliminate half of the drug present in the body
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half-life
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category of substances that produce a distortion or objective reality; sometimes called psychedelics, phantastics, or psychotomimetics
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hallucinogens
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area of the brain that plays a critical role in consolidating new memory
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hippocampus
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brain structure involved in the processing of sensory informaiton and controlling vital body functions such as breathing, circulation, and body temperature
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hypothalamus
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volatile solvents and nitrites that are used by inhalaiton
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inhalants
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group of subcortical regions of the brain that are linked together and are associated with emotion
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limbic system
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fab soluble ("lipid loving") drugs
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lipophilic
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lowerst part of the brain, just above the spinal cord; this region maintains the basic drive and rhythms of essential functions like breathing and blood pressure
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medulla
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chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes, substances are broken down, and new material is assimilated to maintain structure and function of the body
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metabolism
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region of the brainstem that influences the excitability of higher centers
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midbrain
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chemical substance that produces an effect at a low dose, but at a high dose limits its own effect
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mixed agonist/antagonist
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nerve cell, consisting of a soma (or cell body), dendrites, and an axon
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neuron
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chemical substances that transmit information across synapses to other neurons
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neurotransmitters
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drugs in the inhalant category; sometimes referred to as "poppers" and "snappers"
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nitrites
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drugs that bind to opioid receptors without producing any effects
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opioid antagonists
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all of the natural and synthetic substances that act like the primary active drug we get from the opium poppy, morphine
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opioids
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major disturbances of reality testing due to a dysfunction of the brain
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organic psychosis
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component of the A.N.S.
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parasympathetic
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drug that produces less than the full effect expected of an agonist
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partial agonists
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portion of the nervous system which is comprised of sensory and motor nerves
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P.N.S.
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altered biological state of a person who uses an addictive substance excessively and repeatedly; abstinence results in a physical withdrawal syndrome
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physiological dependence
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area of the brain just forward of the medulla
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pons
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drugs that produce more of an effect at a particular dose than other; relatively stronger
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potent
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the strongly held belief that a regular schedule of alcohol or other drug use is a necessity for normal functioning
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psychological dependence
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major disturbances of reality testing that also typically involve major changes in sense of self and ability to consciously control and regulate one's own behavior
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psychoses
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substance that alters mood, though processes, and perception of reailty, and possesses a "rewarding" influence
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psychotropic drug
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site on a cell membrane that has a complementary chemical structure to a neurotransmitter
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receptor
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categories of psychotropic drugs according to their potential for abuse; dependency, and the existence of an acceptable medical use in this country
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schedule
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one of the three main parts of the neuron; cell body
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soma
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category of psychotropic drugs; stimulants can increase the user's alertness, sense of strength, and sense of well being, and decrease appetite
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stimulants
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nerves that comprise one component of the A.N.S.; when stimulated, sympathetic nerves produce an elevation of blood pressure, increase in pulse rate, and a rise in body temperature
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sympathetic
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the space across which information is transmitted between neurons
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synapse
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a brain structure involved in the processing of sensory information
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thalamus
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decreased effect of the same dosage of alcohol or other drug; adaptation to their effects, such that higher dosages are required to produce the same effect
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tolerance
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sacs that store neurotransmitters that are located in the axon terminals
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vesicles
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