Ch44 Activity And Exercise Key Terms Nursing Fundamentals Bernardxb

Front 1

Active range-of-motion exercises

Back 1

"Isotonic exercises in which the client independently moves each joint in the body through its complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane, over the joint"

Front 2

Activity tolerance

Back 2

the type and amount of exercise or daily activities an individual is able to perform

Front 3

Activity-exercise pattern

Back 3

"refers to a person's pattern of exercise, activity, leisure, and recreation"

Front 4

Aerobic exercise

Back 4

any activity during which the body takes in more or an equal amount of oxygen than it expends

Front 5

Ambulation

Back 5

the act of walking

Front 6

Anabolism

Back 6

"a process in which simple substances are converted by the body's cells into more complex substances (e.g., building tissue, positive nitrogen balance)"

Front 7

Anaerobic exercise

Back 7

involves activity in which the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen from the bloodstream; used in endurance training

Front 8

Ankylosed

Back 8

permanently immobile joints

Front 9

Anorexia

Back 9

loss of appetite

Front 10

Atrophy

Back 10

"wasting away; decrease in size of organ or tissue (e.g., muscle)"

Front 11

Base of support

Back 11

the foundation on which an object rests

Front 12

Bed rest

Back 12

"strict confinement to bed (complete bed rest), or the client may be allowed to use a bedside commode or have bathroom privileges"

Front 13

Calculi

Back 13

renal stones

Front 14

Catabolism

Back 14

"a process in which complex substances are broken down into simpler substances (e.g., breakdown of tissue)"

Front 15

Center of gravity

Back 15

the point at which all of the mass (weight) of an object is centered

Front 16

Contracture

Back 16

permanent shortening of a muscle

Front 17

Crepitation

Back 17

"(1) a dry, crackling sound like that of crumpled cellophane, produced by air in the subcutaneous tissue or by air moving through fluid in the alveoli of the lungs; (2) a crackling, grating sound produced by bone rubbing against bone"

Front 18

Dorsal (supine) position

Back 18

a back-lying position without a pillow

Front 19

Dorsal recumbent (back-lying) position

Back 19

a supine position with the head and shoulders slightly elevated

Front 20

Embolus

Back 20

a blood clot (or a substance such as air) that has moved from its place of origin and is causing obstruction to circulation elsewhere (plural: emboli)

Front 21

Exercise

Back 21

"a type of physical activity; a planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness"

Front 22

Flaccid

Back 22

weak or lax

Front 23

Foot drop

Back 23

plantar flexion contracture

Front 24

Fowler's position

Back 24

"a semi-sitting position in which the head of the bed is raised to an angle between 45 and 60 degrees, typically at 45 degrees"

Front 25

Functional strength

Back 25

ability of the body to perform work

Front 26

Gait

Back 26

the way a person walks

Front 27

High-Fowler's position

Back 27

a bed-sitting position in which the head of the bed is elevated 60 to 90 degrees

Front 28

Hypertrophy

Back 28

enlargement of a muscle or organ

Front 29

Isokinetic (resistive) exercises

Back 29

muscle contraction or tension against resistance

Front 30

Isometric (static or setting) exercise

Back 30

"muscle contraction without moving the joint (muscle length does not change), which involves exerting pressure against a solid object."

Front 31

Isotonic (dynamic) exercise

Back 31

exercise in which muscle tension is constant and the muscle shortens to produce muscle contraction and active movement

Front 32

Lateral (side-lying) position

Back 32

position in which a person lies on one side of the body

Front 33

Line of gravity

Back 33

an imaginary vertical line drawn through an object's center of gravity

Front 34

Logrolling

Back 34

a technique used to turn a client whose body must at all times be kept in straight alignment

Front 35

Lordosis

Back 35

an exaggerated concavity in the lumbar region of the vertebral column

Front 36

Low Fowler's position

Back 36

"a bed-sitting position in which the head of the bed is elevated between 15 and 45 degrees, with or without knee flexion"

Front 37

Metabolism

Back 37

the sum of all physical and chemical processes by which a living substance is formed and maintained and by which energy is made available for use by the organism

Front 38

Mobility

Back 38

"ability to move about freely, easily, and purposefully in the environment"

Front 39

Orthopneic position

Back 39

"a sitting position to relieve respiratory difficulty in which the client sits either in bed or on the side of the bed, leaning over an overbed table across the lap; an adaptation of the high-Fowler's position"

Front 40

Orthostatic hypotension

Back 40

decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions

Front 41

Osteoporosis

Back 41

demineralization of the bone

Front 42

Pace

Back 42

number of steps taken per minute or the distance taken in one step when walking

Front 43

Paresis

Back 43

slight or incomplete paralysis

Front 44

Passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercise

Back 44

"exercise in which another person moves each of the client's joints through their complete range of movement, maximally stretching all muscle groups within each plane over each joint"

Front 45

Physical activity

Back 45

bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure and produces progressive health benefits

Front 46

Prone position

Back 46

position in which a client lies on his or her abdomen with the head turned to one side

Front 47

Proprioception

Back 47

"awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium; knowledge of position, weight, and resistance of objects in relation to body"

Front 48

Range of motion (ROM)

Back 48

the maximum degree of movement possible for each joint

Front 49

Relaxation response

Back 49

physiologic state achieved through deep relaxation breathing

Front 50

Sims' (semiprone) position

Back 50

"side-lying position with lowermost arm behind the body and the upper arm at the shoulder and the elbow, with the client's legs flexed in front"

Front 51

Spastic

Back 51

"describing the sudden, prolonged involuntary muscle contractions of clients with damage to the central nervous system"

Front 52

Supine position

Back 52

see Dorsal position

Front 53

Thrombophlebitis

Back 53

inflammation of a vein followed by formation of a blood clot

Front 54

Thrombus

Back 54

a solid mass of blood constituents in the circulatory system; a clot (plural: thrombi)

Front 55

Tripod (triangle) position

Back 55

"the proper standing position with crutches; crutches are placed about 15 cm (6 in.) in front of the feet and out laterally about 15 cm (6 in.), creating a wide base of support"

Front 56

Urinary incontinence

Back 56

a temporary or permanent inability of the external sphincter muscles to control the flow of urine from the bladder

Front 57

Urinary reflux

Back 57

backward flow of urine

Front 58

Urinary retention

Back 58

the accumulation of urine in the bladder and inability of the bladder to empty itself

Front 59

Urinary stasis

Back 59

stagnation of urinary flow

Front 60

Valsalva maneuver

Back 60

"forceful exhalation against a closed glottis, which increases intrathoracic pressure and thus interferes with venous blood return to the heart"

Front 61

Vital capacity

Back 61

the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation