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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What do biologists often call an animal's size and shape?
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Body plans or designs
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Fundamental aspects of form and function that significantly affect the way an animal interacts with its environment.
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Anatomy
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What is the study of the structure of an organism?
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Physiology
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What is the study of functions an organism performs.
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What is 1 use of an animal's energy resource?
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Regulate its internal environment.
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Homeostasis
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What is bioenergetics?
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How organisms obtain, process, and use their energy resources.
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All animals must solve a common set of problems, which are?
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Animals as different as hydras, halibut(large flatfishes),& humans must obtain oxygen, nourish themselves, excrete waste products,& move.
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There are 4 common problems.
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What limits the the evolution of an organism's form?
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Physical requirements constrain what natural selection can "invent," including the size & shape of flying animals.
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What direct effect does size & shape have on an animal?
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How the animal exchanges & materials w/ its surroundings.
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Interaction with the environment.
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What is the requirement for maintaining the fluid integrity of the plasma membrane?
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To be bathed in an aqueous medium.
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The only way a cell can function & exchange w/ the environment is if it is...
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What are designs that maximizes exposure to the surrounding medium?
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1)A hydra has a gastrovascular cavity that opens to the exterior(which allows both inner & outer layers of cell to be bathed in water)
2)A flat body shape(b/c a tapeworm is very thin, most of its cells are bathed in the intestinal fluid of the worm's vertebrate host, the source of nutrients) |
There are 2 designs.
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What are 2 designs that put a large SA in contact with the environment?
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Two-layered sacs & flat shapes
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What facilitates an exchange w/ the environment in whales & most other animals?
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Extensively folded or branched internal surfaces.
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Internal surfaces...
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What are the distinct benefits for complex body forms?
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Protection against predators; large muscles to move rapidly;& internal digestive organs break down food gradually, controlling the release of stored energy.
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