Ch4

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Backcountry

Back 1

was also called the frontier. It was the area beyond the
settled land. In the early 1700s, it was the land between the Atlantic coastal region and the Appalachian Mountains

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Great Awakening

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was a religious revitalization movement that swept the Atlantic world, and especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American religion.

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Fort Duquesne

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was a fort established by the French in 1754, at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in what is now downtown Pittsburgh in the state of Pennsylvania.

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King Georges War

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the name given to the operations in North America that formed part of the 1744–1748 War of the Austrian Succession. It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars.

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Albany Plan

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was proposed by Benjamin Franklin at the Albany Congress in 1754 in Albany, New York. It was an early attempt at forming a union of the colonies

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Albany Congress

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was a meeting of representatives from seven of the thirteen British North American colonies in 1754 to discuss better relations with the Indian tribes and common defensive measures against the French

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Seven Years War

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global military conflict between 1754/56/57 and 1762/63, involving all great powers of the time and affecting North and Central America, Europe, the West African coast, India and the Philippines

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Peace of Paris

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was signed on 10 February 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War.

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George Whitefield

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was an Anglican Protestant minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in Britain and, especially, in the British North American colonies

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Jonathan Edwards

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was a preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans. Edwards "is widely acknowledged to be America's most important and original philosophical theologian,"

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Gilbert Tennent

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Tennent was an Irish-born American Presbyterian clergyman.Gilbert was one of the leaders of the Great Awakening of religious feeling in Colonial America.

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Molasses Act

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The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-British colonies.

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Charles Chauncy

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He preached at Plymouth until 1641, then at Scituate where, says Mather, "he remained for three years and three times three years, cultivating the vineyard of the Lord.

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Cato’s Letter’s

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Cato's Letters were essays by British writers John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon, first published from 1720 to 1723 under the pseudonym of Cato the implacable foe of Julius Caesar and a famously stubborn champion of republican principles

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James Davenport

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James Davenport was an American clergyman and itinerant preacher noted for his often controversial actions during the First Great Awakening.

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Gilbert Tennent

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Tennent was an Irish-born American Presbyterian clergyman.Gilbert was one of the leaders of the Great Awakening of religious feeling in Colonial America.

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“Old Lights”

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did not support the new doctrine. They were mainly intellectuals.

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Molasses Act

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The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which imposed a tax of six pence per gallon on imports of molasses from non-British colonies.

Front 19

“New Lights”

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Followed the new doctrine. Mainly emotionalism and tried to scare people into church so they could make money.

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Charles Chauncy

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He preached at Plymouth until 1641, then at Scituate where, says Mather, "he remained for three years and three times three years, cultivating the vineyard of the Lord.

Front 21

Evangelicals

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is a Protestant Christian movement which began in Great Britain in the 1730s.

Front 22

Cato’s Letter’s

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Cato's Letters were essays by British writers John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon, first published from 1720 to 1723 under the pseudonym of Cato the implacable foe of Julius Caesar and a famously stubborn champion of republican principles

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Henry Muehlenberg

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Integral to the founding of the first Lutheran church body or denomination in North America, Muhlenberg is considered the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in the United States.

Front 24

James Davenport

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James Davenport was an American clergyman and itinerant preacher noted for his often controversial actions during the First Great Awakening.

Front 25

“Old Lights”

Back 25

did not support the new doctrine. They were mainly intellectuals.

Front 26

“New Lights”

Back 26

Followed the new doctrine. Mainly emotionalism and tried to scare people into church so they could make money.

Front 27

Evangelicals

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is a Protestant Christian movement which began in Great Britain in the 1730s.

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Henry Muehlenberg

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Integral to the founding of the first Lutheran church body or denomination in North America, Muhlenberg is considered the patriarch of the Lutheran Church in the United States.

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Cotton Mather

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was a socially and politically influential New England Puritan minister, prolific author and pamphleteer; he is often remembered for his role in the Salem witch trials.

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Constitution

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a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed

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Benjamin Franklin

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was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat

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Navigation Acts

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a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651. Their goal was to force colonial development into lines favorable to England, and stop direct colonial trade with the Netherlands, France and other European countries

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King George’s War

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the operations in North America that formed part of the 1744–1748 War of the Austrian Succession. It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars.

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Queen Anne’s War

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as the North American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession was known in the English colonies, was the second in a series of French and Indian Wars fought between France and England (later Great Britain)[1] in North America for control of the continent

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King William’s War

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The first of the French and Indian Wars, King William's War (1689–97) was the name used in the English colonies in America to refer to the North American theater of the War of the Grand Alliance (1688–97). It was fought between England, France, and their respective American Indian allies in the colonies of Canada (New France), Acadia, and New England. It was also known as the Second Indian War

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Transportation Act

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established a seven-year penal transportation to North America as a possible punishment for those convicted of lesser felonies, or as a possible sentence that capital punishment might be commuted to by royal pardon

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Mulatto

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a person of mixed black and white ancestry

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Mestizo

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people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent

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Jonathan Edwards

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dude who wrote *Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God*

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Parliament-

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a lawmaking body based in Westminster

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William Pitt

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a general in the 7 Years War

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General Braddock

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a general who was KIA during a raid on Pittsburgh during the 7 Years War

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Seven Years War-

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a war fought between France and the UK. France got FUBAR

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John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon

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two men who wrote *Cato's Letters*

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John Trenchard

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English writer and Commonsweathman, belonged to the same Dorset family as the Secretary of State Sir John Trenchard.

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Thomas Gordon

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An American lawyer and politician in the colonial period.

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John Locke

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widely known as the Father of Liberalism, was a English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.

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Pennsylvania Dutch

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are the descendants of Germanic peoples who emigrated to the U.S. (primarily to Pennsylvania), from Southwestern Germany and Switzerland.

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Middle Ground

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Empires and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815.

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Gilbert Tennent

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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States) was a religious leader.