Ch.3 Vocab

Front 1

network

Back 1

a group of two or more computers connected so they can communicate with one another

Front 2

node

Back 2

any entity on a network that can be managed, such as a system, repeater, router, gateway, switch or firewall. A computer or the other adressable device attached to a network; a host

Front 3

client

Back 3

an individual computer connected to a network. Also, a system or application (such as a web browser or user agent) that requests a service from another computer (the server) and is used to access files or documents

Front 4

server

Back 4

a computer in a network that manages the network resources and provides, or serves, information to clients

Front 5

local area network (LAN)

Back 5

a group of computers connected within a confined geographic region

Front 6

wide area network (WAN)

Back 6

a group of computers connected over an expansive geographic area so their users can share files and services

Front 7

internet

Back 7

a worldwide network of interconnected networks

Front 8

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

Back 8

a U.S. department of denfense agency that created the first global computer network

Front 9

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

Back 9

a computer network, funded by ARPA, that served as the basis for early networking research and was the backbone during the development of the internet

Front 10

National Science Foundation (NSF)

Back 10

an independent agency of the U.S. government that promotes the advancement of science and engineering

Front 11

backbone

Back 11

the highest level in the computer network hierarchy, to which smaller networks typically connect

Front 12

gateway

Back 12

a node on a network that serves as a portal to other networks

Front 13

World Wide Web (WWW)

Back 13

a set of software programs that enables users to access resources on the internet via hypertext documents

Front 14

hypertext link

Back 14

highlighted or underlined text in a web page that, when clicked, links the user to another web page or location

Front 15

web page

Back 15

an HTML document containing one or more elements (texts, images, hyperlinks) that can be linked to or from other HTML pages

Front 16

web site

Back 16

a world wide web server and its content; includes multiple web pages

Front 17

web browser

Back 17

a software application that enables users to access and view web pages on the internet

Front 18

transmission control protocol/ internet protocol (TCP/IP)

Back 18

a suite of protocols that turn data into blocks of information called packets, which are then sent across the internet. The standard protocol used by the internet

Front 19

packet

Back 19

data processed by protocols so it can be sent across a network

Front 20

router

Back 20

a device that routes packets between networks based on network-layer addresses; determines the best path across a network. Also used to connect seperate LANs to form a WAN

Front 21

Intenet service provider (ISP)

Back 21

an organization that maintains a gateway to the internet and rents access to customers on a per-use or subscription basis.

Front 22

modem

Back 22

abbreviation for modulator/ demodulator. an analog device that enables computers to communicate over telephone lines by translating digital data into audio/analog signals and then back into digital form

Front 23

integrated services digital netork (ISDN)

Back 23

a communication standard for sending voice, video or data over digital telephone lines

Front 24

bandwidth

Back 24

the amount of information, sometimes called traffic, that can be carried on a network at one time. the total capacity of a line. Also, the rate of data transfer over a network connection; measured in bits per second

Front 25

network interface card (NIC)

Back 25

a circuit board within a computer's central processing unit that serves as the interface enabling the computer to connect to a network

Front 26

wireless access point (AP)

Back 26

a device that enables wireless systems to communicate with each other, provided that they are on the same network

Front 27

standard

Back 27

a definition or format that has been approved by a recognized standards organization

Front 28

digital subscriber line (DSL)

Back 28

a high-speed direct internet connection that uses all-digital networks

Front 29

xDSL

Back 29

collectively, the variations of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), which included ADSL, RADSL, and HDSL

Front 30

4G (fourth generation)

Back 30

wireless ohone network capable of delivering highspeed broadband internet access to mobile devices

Front 31

4G mobile hotspot

Back 31

a device that connects a wireless local area network to a wireless phone network at broadband speed

Front 32

internet protocol (IP)

Back 32

the data transmission standard for the internet. Every computer connected to the internet has its own IP address, which enables a packet of data to be delivered to a specific computer

Front 33

Internet assigned numbers authority (IANA)

Back 33

The international organization responsible for allocation of IP addresses. Part of the internet corporation for assigned names and numbers a base-16 number system that alows large numbers to be displayed by fewer characters than if the number were displayed in the regular base-10 system. In haxadecimal, the mu,ber 10 is represented as the letter A, 15 is represented as F, and 16 is represented as 10

Front 34

point-to-point protocol (PPP)

Back 34

a protocol that allows a computer to connect to the internet over a phone line

Front 35

point-to-point protocol over ethernet (PPPoE)

Back 35

a protocol that implements PPP on top of the Ethernet architecture to connect an entire network to

Front 36

hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

Back 36

the protocol for transporting HTML documents across the internet

Front 37

file transfer protocol (FTP)

Back 37

an internet protocol used to transfer files between computers; allows file transfer without corruption or alteration

Front 38

simple mail transfer protocol(SMTP)

Back 38

the internet standard protocol for transferring e-mail messages from one computer to another

Front 39

post office protocol (POP)

Back 39

a protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. The current version in POP3

Front 40

internet medssage access protocol (IMAP)

Back 40

a protocol that resides on an incoming mail server. similar to POP, but is more powerful. allows sharing of mailboxes and mulitple mail server access. the current version is IMAP4

Front 41

usenet (user network)

Back 41

a collection of thousands of internet computers, newsgroups members using Network news transfer protocol (NNTP) to exchange information

Front 42

newsgroup

Back 42

on usenet, a subject or other topical interest group whose members exchange ideas and opinions. participants post and receive messages via a news server

Front 43

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)

Back 43

The internet protocol used by news servers that enables the exchange of newsgroup (Usenet) articles

Front 44

Domain Name system (DNS)

Back 44

a system that maps uniquely hierarchal names to specific internet addresses

Front 45

domain name

Back 45

and IP address represented in words

Front 46

host

Back 46

a computer that other computers can use to gain information. In network architecture, a host is a client or workstation

Front 47

fully qualified domain name (FQDN)

Back 47

The complete domain name of an internet computer such as www.CIWcertified.com

Front 48

root-level server

Back 48

`a server at the highest level of the domain name system

Front 49

top-level domain

Back 49

the group into which a domain is categorized, by common topic (company, educational institution) and/or geography (country, state)

Front 50

domain name server

Back 50

a server that resolves domain name on a third-party ISP server

Front 51

virtual domain

Back 51

a hosting service that allows multiple enitities to share portions of the same domain name