Ch.26-32 (Up To Date 4/30/09)

Front 1

Arterial Bleeding

Back 1

Bleeding from an artery, which is charaterized by bright red blood and as rapid, profuse, and difficult to control.

Front 2

Brachial Artery

Back 2

The major artery of the upper arm.

Front 3

Capillary Bleeding

Back 3

Bleeding from capillaries, which is characterized by a slow, oozing flow of blood.

Front 4

Cardiogenic Shock

Back 4

Shock, or lack of perfusion, brought on not by blood loss, but by inadequate pumping action of the heart. It is often the result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure.

Front 5

Compensated Shock

Back 5

When the patient is develping shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion.

Front 6

Decompensated Shock

Back 6

Occurs when the body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident.

Front 7

Femoral Artery

Back 7

The major artery supplying the thigh.

Front 8

Hemorrhage

Back 8

Bleeding, especially severe bleeding.

Front 9

Hemorrhagic Shock

Back 9

Shock resulting from blood loss.

Front 10

Hypoperfusion

Back 10

Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to suplly them with oxygen and nutrients.

Front 11

Hypovolemic Shock

Back 11

Shock resulting from blood or fluid loss.

Front 12

Irreversible Shock

Back 12

When the body has lost the battle to maintain perfusion to vital organs. Even if adequate vital signs return, the patient may die days later due to organ failure.

Front 13

Neurogenic Shock

Back 13

Hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond the point where it can be filled.

Front 14

Perfusion

Back 14

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.

Front 15

Pressure Dressing

Back 15

A bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage to apply pressure to help control bleeding.

Front 16

Pressure Point

Back 16

A site where a main artery lies near the surface of the body and directly over a bone. Pressure on such a point can stop distal bleeding.

Front 17

Shock

Back 17

Also known as Hypoperfusion. A life-threatening condition.

Front 18

Tourniquet

Back 18

A device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity.

Front 19

Venous Bleeding

Back 19

Bleeding from a vein, which is characterized by dark red or maroon blood and as a steady flow, easy to control.

Front 20

Abrasion

Back 20

A scratch or scrape.

Front 21

Air Embolus

Back 21

A bubble or air in the bloodstream.

Front 22

Amputation

Back 22

The surgical removal or traumtic severing of a body part, usually an extremity.

Front 23

Avulsion

Back 23

The tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue. This term also may be used for an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from its socket.

Front 24

Bandage

Back 24

Any material used to hold a dressing in place.

Front 25

Closed Wound

Back 25

An internal injury with no open pathway from the outside.

Front 26

Contusion

Back 26

A bruise.

Front 27

Crush Injury

Back 27

An injury caused when force is transmitted from the body's exterior to its internal sturctures. Bones can be broken; muslces, nerves, and tissues damaged; and internal organs ruptured, causeing internal bleeding.

Front 28

Dermis

Back 28

The inner layer of the skin found beneath the epidermis. It is rich in blood vessels and nerves.

Front 29

Dressing

Back 29

Any material used to cover a wound that wil help control bleeding and help prevent additional contamination.

Front 30

Epidermis

Back 30

The outer layer of the skin.

Front 31

Evisceration

Back 31

An intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in the abdomen.

Front 32

Flail Chest

Back 32

Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows for free movement of the fractured segment.

Front 33

Full Thickness Burn

Back 33

A burn in which all the layers of the skin are damaged. There are usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white. Also called a Third-Degree Burn.

Front 34

Hematoma

Back 34

A swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel.

Front 35

Laceration

Back 35

A cut.

Front 36

Occlusive Dressing

Back 36

Any dressing that forms an airtight seal.

Front 37

Open Wound

Back 37

An injury in which the skin is interrupted, exposing the tissue beneath.

Front 38

Paradoxical Motion

Back 38

Movement of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity.

Front 39

Partial Thickness Burn

Back 39

a burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged. Burns of this type cause reddening, blistering, and a mottled appearance. Also called a Second-Degree Burn.

Front 40

Pneumothorax

Back 40

Air in the chest cavity.

Front 41

Puncture Wound

Back 41

An open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues. A penetrating puncture wound can be shallow or deep. A Perforating puncture wound has both an entrance and an exit wound.

Front 42

Rule of Nines

Back 42

A method for estimating the extent of a burn. For an adult, each of the following areas represents 9% of the body surface: the head and neck, Each upper extremity, the chest, the abdomen, the upperback, the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity. The remaining 1% is assigned to the genital region. For an infant or child the percentages are modified so that 18% is assigned to the head, 14% to each lower extremity.

Front 43

Rule of Palm

Back 43

A method for estimating the extent of a burn. The palm of the patient's hand, which equals about 1% of the body's surface area, is compared with the patient's burn to estimate its size.

Front 44

Subcutaneous Layers

Back 44

The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis.

Front 45

Sucking Chest Wound

Back 45

An open chest wound in which air is "sucked" into the chest cavity.

Front 46

Superficial Burn

Back 46

A burn that involves only the epidermis. It is characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling. An example is a sunburn. Also called a First-Degree Burn.

Front 47

Tension Pneumothorax

Back 47

A type of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from excaping.

Front 48

Universal Dressing

Back 48

A bulky dressing.

Front 49

Bones

Back 49

Hard but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection to vital organs. Types of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular.

Front 50

Cartilage

Back 50

Tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form certain body parts such as the ear.

Front 51

Closed Extremity Injury

Back 51

An injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin.

Front 52

Crepitus

Back 52

A grating sensation or sound made when fractured bone ends rub together.

Front 53

Dislocation

Back 53

The disruption or "coming apart" of a joint.

Front 54

Extremities

Back 54

The portions of the skeleton that include the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, and hands and the pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet.

Front 55

Fracture

Back 55

Any break in a bone.

Front 56

Joints

Back 56

Places where bones articulate, or meet.

Front 57

Ligaments

Back 57

Connective tissues that connect bone to bone.

Front 58

Manual Traction

Back 58

The proess of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting.

Front 59

Muscles

Back 59

Tissues or fibers that cause movemnet of body parts and organs.

Front 60

Open Extremity Injury

Back 60

An extremity injury in which the skin has been broken or torn through from the inside by an injured bone or from the outside by something that has caused a penetrating wound with associated injury to the bone.

Front 61

Sprain

Back 61

The stretching and tearing of ligaments.

Front 62

Strain

Back 62

Muscle injury resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle.

Front 63

Tendons

Back 63

Tissues that connect muscle to bone.

Front 64

Traction Splint

Back 64

A splint that applies constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce musle spasm in the limb. Used primarily on femoral shaft fractures.

Front 65

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 65

Controls involuntary functions.

Front 66

Central Nervous System

Back 66

The brain and spinal cord.

Front 67

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 67

The fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

Front 68

Concussion

Back 68

Mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain. Complete recoery is usually expected.

Front 69

Cranium

Back 69

The bony structure making up the forehead, top, back, and upper sides of the skull.

Front 70

Hematoma (relating to head injury)

Back 70

A collection of blood within the skull or brain.

Front 71

Malar
or
Zygomatic Arch

Back 71

the cheek bone

Front 72

Mandible

Back 72

The lower jaw bone.

Front 73

Maxillae

Back 73

The two fused bones forming the upper jaw.

Front 74

Nasal Bones

Back 74

the bones that form the upper third, or bridge, of the nose.

Front 75

Nervous System

Back 75

Provides overall control of thought, sensation, and the vluntary and involuntary motor functions of the body.

Front 76

Orbits

Back 76

The bony structures around the eyes; the eye sockets.

Front 77

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 77

The nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae and the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that travel between the breain and organs without passing through the spinal cord, and all of the body's other motor and sensory nerves.

Front 78

Spinous Process

Back 78

The bony bump on a vertebra.

Front 79

Temporal Bone

Back 79

Bone that forms part of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial cavity. There is a right and a left temporal bone.

Front 80

Temporomandibular Joint

Back 80

The movable joint formed between the mandible and the temporal bone.

Front 81

Vertebrae

Back 81

The bones of the spinal column.

Front 82

Shunt

Back 82

A drainage device that runs from the brain to the abdomen to relieve excess cerebrospinal fluid. There will be a reservoir on the side of the skull.

Front 83

Acquired Disease/Condition

Back 83

A disease or condition that occurs after birth.

Front 84

Automatic Implanted Cardiac Defibrillator (AICD)

Back 84

A device implanted under the skin that can detect a life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmia and respond by delivering one or more shocks to correct the rhythm.

Front 85

Central IV Catheter

Back 85

A catheter surgically inserted for long-term delivery of medications or fluids into the central circulation.

Front 86

Congenital Disease/Condition

Back 86

A disease or condition that is present at birth.

Front 87

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Back 87

A device that exerts constant pressure through a tube and mask worn by a patient to keep airway passages from collapsing at the end of a breath.

Front 88

Dialysis

Back 88

The process of filtering the blood to remove toxic or unwanted wastes and fluids.

Front 89

Feeding Tube

Back 89

A tube used to provide delivery of nutrients to the stomach. A nasogastric feeding tube is inserted through the nose and into the stomach; a gastric feeding tube is surgically implanted through the abdominal wall and into the stomach.

Front 90

Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)

Back 90

A battery-powered mechanical pump implanted in the body to assist a failing left ventricle in pumping blood to the body.

Front 91

Ostomy Bag

Back 91

An external pouch that collects fecal matter diverted from the colon or ileum through a surgical opening in the abdominal wall.

Front 92

Pacemaker

Back 92

A device that uses electrical impulses to regulate rhythms of the heart, which is usually implanted under the skin.

Front 93

Stoma

Back 93

A surgically created opening into the body, as with a tracheostomy, clolstomy, or ileostomy.

Front 94

Tracheostomy

Back 94

A surgical opening in the neck into the trachea.

Front 95

Urinary Cathetar

Back 95

A tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine from the bladder.

Front 96

Ventilator

Back 96

A device that breathes for a patient.