Ch24

Front 1

Isandhlwana

Back 1

Location of battle fought in 1879 between the British and Zulu armies in south Africa; resulted in defeat of British; one of few victories of African forces over western Europeans.

Front 2

Settlement Colonies

Back 2

Areas, such as North America and Australia that were both conqured by European invaders and settled by large numbers of European migrants who made the colonized areas their perminant home and disparsed and desimated the indigenous inhabitants.

Front 3

White Dominions

Back 3

Founded in 1924; military wing of Guomindang; first head of the academy was Chiang Kai-Shek.

Front 4

White Racial Supremacy

Back 4

Belief in the inherent mental, moral and cultural superiority of whites; peak in acceptance in decades before WWI; supported by social science doctrines of social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer.

Front 5

Boer Rebublic

Back 5

Transvaal and Orange free state in southern Africa; established to assert independence of Boers from British colonial government in Cape Colony in 1850's; discovery of diamonds and precious metals caused British migration into the Boer areas in 1860's.

Front 6

Boer War

Back 6

Fought between 1899 and 1902 over the continued independence of Boer republics; resulted in British victory but began the process of decolonization in south Africa.

Front 7

Andres Santa Cruz

Back 7

Mestizo general who established union of independent Peru and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839

Front 8

Caudillos

Back 8

Independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized national governments to impose their concepts of rule; typical throughout newly independent countries of Latin America.

Front 9

Centralists

Back 9

Latin American politicians who wished to create strong centralized national government with broad powers; often supported by politicians who described themselves conservatives.

Front 10

Federalists

Back 10

Latin American politicians who wanted policies, especially Fiscal and commercial regulation, to be set by regional governments rather than centralized national administrations; after supported by politicians who described themselves as liberals.

Front 11

Juan Manuel de Rosas

Back 11

Strongman leader in Buenos Aires; took power in 1831; commanded loyalty of gauchos; restored local autonomy.

Front 12

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Back 12

Seized power in Mexico after collapse of empire of Mexico in 1824; after breif reign of liberals seized power in 1835 as caudillo; defeated by Texans in war of independence in 1836; defeated by United States in Mexican-American war in 1848; unseated by liberal rebellion in 1854.

Front 13

Monroe Doctrine

Back 13

American declaration stated in 1823; established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the United States; supported by Great Britain as a means of opening Latin American trade.

Front 14

Positivism

Back 14

French philosophy based on observations and scientific approach to problems of society; adopted by many Latin American liberals in the aftermath of independence.

Front 15

Manifest Destiny

Back 15

Belief of the government of the United States that it was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast; led to annexation of Texas and Mexican American war.

Front 16

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Back 16

Agreement that ended the Mexican-American War; provided for loss of Texas and California to the United States; left legacy of distrust of the United States in Latin America.

Front 17

Benito Juarez

Back 17

Indian governor of state of Oaxaca in Mexico; leader of liberal rebellion against Santa Anna; liberal government defeated by French intervention under Emperor Napoleon III of France and established of Mexican Empire under Maximalian; restored to power in 1867 until his death in 1872.

Front 18

La Reforma

Back 18

the liberal rebellion of Benito Juarez against the forces of the Santa Anna.

Front 19

Maximilian von Habsburg

Back 19

Proclaimed Emperor Maximilian of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862; reled until overthrow and execution by liberal revolutionaries under Benito Juarez in 1867.

Front 20

Domingo F. Sarmiento

Back 20

Liberal politician and president of Argentine Republic; author of Facundo, a critique of caudillo politics; increased international trade, launched internal reforms in education and transportation.

Front 21

Spanish-American War

Back 21

War fought between Spain and the United States beginning in 1898; centered on Cuba and Puerto Rico; permitted American intervention in Caribbean, annexation of Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

Front 22

Panama Canal

Back 22

An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from United States supported for Panamanian Independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans; completed in 1914.