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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, large-scale protest to the practice of slavery; worldwide popularity led to growing objection to slavery; politically, thought to be most important author of antebellum pd.
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin
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anti-slavery novel publisher in 1852, cred. w/inciting action against Amer. slavery worldwide, said to be source of largest motivation for the North in the Civil War
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Hinton R. Helper
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author of The Impending Crisis of the South; was a non-slaveowning white from SC who disliked both the richer white classes and blacks; claimed that slavery more negatively affected the poor white classes; unpop. of his arguments in the South drove him to the North to get his book published
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The Impending Crisis of the South
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book published in 1857, thought to be only second to Uncle Tom in stirring up support against slavery; instead of attacking it on a moral basis, the book’s largest objections were in the economic hardship slavery inflicted on Southern whites not able to afford them
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New England Emigrant Aid Society
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one of the prominent antislavery org. to settle in contested Kansas; came in objection to the vote for slavery that was thought to be eminent in the terr.; 2k members armed w/rifles came to KS hoping to disrupt the process, created contempt against the Northern “Nebrascals”
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John Brown
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fierce abolitionist leader of free-soil faction in KS, led attack against pro-slavery supporters at skirmish at Pottawatomie Creek in 1856; later org. the Harpers Ferry Raid, where seven were killed and Brown was captured; in subsequent trial, was convicted of treason and hanged, despite being possibly insane and clearly homicidal, he became a martyr for the abolitionist movement
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Pottawatomie Creek Massacre
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in May 1856 abolitionist forces in KS led by the zealous John Brown surprised, slaughtered five pro-slavery faction members; rep. the more violent side of sectional conflicts in the Kansas Terr.
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Lecompton Constitution
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document created by the proslavery faction in Kansas prior to vote for policies of state constitution; even a “no slavery” vote would protect those who already had slaves in KS under the act, infuriated free-soilers who didn’t want any prospect of slavery to remain in the state; boycott of polls by anti-slaveryites led to easy passing of KS Constitution, 1857
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James Buchanan
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15th pres. of the United States, chosen by Dem. convention in 1856 for his lack of involvement in controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act; once in office, proved to weak to hold together the vying North and South factions of the Dem. party, debate over Lecompton Constitution showed his weakness and the steady destruction of his party; inability to act during secession of Southern states deemed him a weak leader
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“Bleeding Kansas”
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term referring to the gen. chaos in Kansas beginning w/fighting between free-soilers and slavery supporters in 1856; conflicts, both political and military, cont’d thruout Civil War; thought to be one of the earliest battlegrounds for sectional conflict even before war broke out
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Charles Sumner
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MA senator who openly supp. abolitionism; w/little regard for pop. support, delivered tirades against the South and its reps; personal attacks against fellow senators prompted physical assault by SC rep. Brooks, leaving Sumner seriously injured and ailing for several yrs.
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Preston S. Brooks
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SC senator who responded to Sumner’s verbal attacks toward the South w/beating the MA senator w/his cane; censure was attempted in the House of Reps, but not enough votes were received; resigned and was subsequently reelected, gained hero status in the South
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John C. Fremont
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Repub. candidate for pres. in 1856, best known for his “conquest” of CA in 1848; lost due to lack of polling strength in the South, where Republicans had little foothold; was later reflected that he would have served as weak opposition leader as compared to Lincoln
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American Party
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a.k.a. the “Know-Nothing Party” for its secretive nature; was an anti-foreign and anti-Catholic party created in response to influx of German and Irish imm. who supposedly threatened the “old stock” Protestant Amer.; ran former pres. Fillmore in 1856 to little electoral impact
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Dred Scott decision
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Supreme Ct. ruling in the case of black slave Scott petitioning for freedom, since he resided in free-soil Wisconsin; Supreme Ct. reasoned that as a slave, he didn’t hold the pwr to sue in a fed. court, slavery status held; largely pro-slavery court furthermore ruled that slaves brought into free states remained their master’s property, regardless of state laws; ruling furthered animosity between North and South
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Dred Scott
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black slave orig. from South, but later moved to free Wisconsin w/his owners; under guidance of abolitionists in the state, sued for freedom based on fact that he resided in a non-slave state; subsequent Supreme Ct. ruling on his cont’d slave status sparked furious debate
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Roger Taney
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Supreme Ct. chief justice during Dred Scott decision, came from slave state of Maryland; under his recommendation, greater judgment was reached by the ct. on all cases re: slaves being brought into free territories, in turn creating large-scale debate over the issue
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panic of 1857
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econ. downturn during Buchanan admin., influx of CA gold, land speculation and increased grain demand fueled the crisis; North was hardest hit, South was able to endure thru cont’d output of cotton; caused maj. push for sale of free farms in the west, as well as call for higher tariffs to aid ailing Northern industrialists
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Tariff of 1857
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import tax est’d several mos. before crash of 1857, out of Southern interests, rates lowered to 20%, lowest since the War of 1812; following hard times on Northern industrialists, many came to blame the low rates for the economic downturn
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Abraham Lincoln
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Repub. candidate for Senator in 1858 midterm against Douglas; rural upbringing contrasted w/political greatness he was to achieve; became involved w/the Repub. party after debate over Kansas-Nebraska Act; est. himself in nat’l politics beginning w/race against Douglas for IL Senate seat; was chosen as strongest Repub. choice for pres. in 1860, easily def. the fractured Dems; victory further strained the Union, eventually resulting in SC secession late in 1860
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Lincoln-Douglas debates
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series of seven debates arranged between the two candidates for IL Senate seat; despite Douglas’ greater reputation and speaking ability, Lincoln was able to debate strongly on issues like slavery in the territories and build support in his bid for Senate
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Freeport Doctrine
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Douglas’ response to Lincoln’s issue raised at debate in Freeport, IL; defended popular sovereignty rulings on slavery in the territories despite fed. rulings, i.e. Dred Scott decision
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Harpers Ferry Raid
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attack in VA org. by abolitionist John Brown, seven innocents killed in the surprise raid; despite being convicted of treason, Brown remained a hero to much of the North, South was infuriated w/his actions and general tepidness of Northern response
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Democratic Convention of 1860
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Orig. met in SC, where Douglas was chosen as strongest Northern candidate, but Southerners boycotted the vote based on his “betrayal” of pro-slavery tenets; another attempt to nominate Douglas was made in Baltimore, which also resulted in Southerner walkout; essentially created the three factions of the Dem. Party to run in the 1860 election
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John C. Breckenridge
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Southern Dem. candidate nom. by the Southern delegation in protest to Northern candidate Douglas; chosen for his pro-slavery, pro-expansion policies; won all the southern electoral votes in election of 1860, but didn’t even match rival Douglas’ numbers
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Constitutional Union Party
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small faction of moderates within the Dem. party who refused to pick sides in debate over nomination of Douglas, est’d their own party to run the moderate Bell for pres., further splitting the votes for the splintered Democratic candidates
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John Bell
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nominee for Constitutional Union Party in 1860 election, polled the lowest amount of popular votes but still made an impact against the Northern candidate Douglas
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Jefferson Davis
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Chosen as pres. of the Southern Confed. at the Montgomery conference early in 1861; was prev. a respected Southern senator and one of leading voices for Southern states’ rights
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James H. Crittenden
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KY senator who led one of the last compromise efforts leading to outbreak of war; came up with a series of proposed constitutional amendments to officially ban all slavery north of 36º30’ but protect it in the South and any newly-acquired terr.
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Crittenden Compromise
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A number of amendment proposed as concession to the South, in hopes that they would rescind secession; measures that would reaffirm protection of slavery in newly-added terr. offended free-soiler Lincoln, compromises turned down
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self-determination
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principles that defended secession in the South’s eyes, similar to circumstances under which Declaration of Independence was written; felt oppressed and therefore compelled to separate from the North
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southern nationalism
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increasing regional pride from the South for their distinct environment and culture and their belief that they should rightly remain separate from the North; partially inspired by the many attempted democratic rev. in Europe, i.e. Germany and Italy
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin
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Novel that helped start the Civil War; enraged a lot of ppl by opening their eyes to the horrors that came with slavery
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Outraged by the Fugitive Slave Law, this woman and mother published a book on the institution of slavery that is reported to have started the Civil War
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Simon Legree
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The antagonist of Uncle Tom’s
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The Impending Crisis of the South
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A book published n 1857 (5yrs after Uncle Tom’s) that attempted to prove thru statistics that the nonslaveholding whites were the ones who were most negatively affected by slavery
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Hinton R. Helper
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The poor white from NC who wrote above book on how the nonslaveowners were the “real” sufferers of slavery
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New England Emigrant Aid Company
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Most famous antislavery organization that paid for free-soilers to move into KS; sent about 2000 ppl there
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Reverend Henry Ward Beecher
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Harriet B. Stowe’s brother who helped finance the purchase of “Beechers Bibles” (rifles) for KS newcomers
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Shawnee Mission
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Location where the pro-slaveryites set up their puppet gov’t in KS; they poured in from MO to block vote the KS legislature
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Topeka
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Location where free-soilers set up their gov’t in KS
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Lawrence
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Free-soil town in KS where, in 1856, a gang of proslavery raiders shot up and burned
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John Brown
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A militant abolitionist who moved to KS and fought off the proslavery ppl; was appalled by Lawrence being shot up; later came up w/ scheme to invade the So. & incite a slave rebellion & est. a black free state; tried for murder/treason & hanged
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Pottawatomie Creek massacre
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“Old Brown” of Osawatomie led a band of his followers here in May, 1856 where they hacked 5 men to pieces, sparking civil war
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Lecompton Constitution
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James Buchanan
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Democratic prez who strongly sympathized w/ the Lecompton Constitution; was strongly under southern influence
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Senator Douglas
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Champion of true pop. Sovereignty who thought Lecompton was BS & brought the Lecompton Constitution to a pop. Vote whereupon it was voted down
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“Bleeding Kansas”
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Name given to KS during its time of civil war; pro and anti slave ppl were trying to vie for control of the state
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Charles Sumner
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Senator from MA who was a jackass & hated by pretty much everyone; in his speech The Crime against Kansas, he talked smack about Sen. Andrew Butler & pissed off everyone; his brain/nervous system got fucked up by Brooks
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Preston S. Brooks
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Congressman from SC who hated Sumner & beat him down w/ a cane on the senate floor til the cane broke;
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John C. Frémont
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Republican candidate against Buchanan in 1856; was an alleged Roman Catholic; had a questionable upbringing that tarred his rep
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American (Know-Nothing) party
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Political party that centered around xenophobia & nominated ex-prez Fillmore;
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Dred Scott
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Black slave who lived w/ master for 5yrs on WI & IL territory who sued for freedom cos he lived on free soil;
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Dred Scott decision
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Supreme Ct. ruling that stated that black slaves were property & couldn’t sue in fed courts; that a slave could be taken into any territory cos govt isn’t allowed to deprive ppl of property; that MO Compromise 1820 was unconstitutional & Congress cant regulate slavery
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Roger Taney
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Chief Justice (frm MD) during the Dred Scott decision who decided to try the case
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Panic of 1857
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Financial crash during Buchanan’s presidency that hit the No. hardest; caused by inflation from CA gold rush; Congress attempted homestead acts but was rejected by Buchanan
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Tariff of 1857
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Congress [cos of lg. treasury surplus] reduced duties to 20pct & immediately after the economic recession happened giving Republicans a helluva platform to kick Demo ass
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Abraham Lincoln
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Republican candidate running against Douglas for Sen. Of IL in 1858; married into the Todd family; @ Philly convention of 1856 received 110 votes for VP
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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Debates between Demo & Repub candidates for Sen. Of IL in 1858; the two men argued pop. Sovereignty & slavery & shit
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Freeport Doctrine
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Douglas’s response to Lincoln’s q whether or not supreme court was more pwrful than ppl; slavery would stay down if ppl voted it down
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Harpers Ferry raid
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Site where Brown seized the federal arsenal in Oct 1859 killing 7 innocents & injuring 10 in attempts to incite a slave rebellion
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John C. Breckinridge
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So. Demos felt pissed @ Douglas so they chose this moderate from KY; he favored extension of slavery into territories and annexation of Cuba
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Constitutional Union Party
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Moderate party that advocated the union; consisted of former Whigs & Know-Nothings
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John Bell
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Dude from TN who was elected as prez candidate from the Constitutional Union party
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Wigwam
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Box-like structure built by the Republicans in Chicago
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Confederate States of America
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In 1861 the so. Est. a gov’t called this
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Jefferson Davis
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The chosen prez of the so. Confederacy; was a recent member of Senate from MI & was a former West Pointer
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James H. Crittenden
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Sen. From KY who took over the compromising from Clay to try to salvage the union
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Crittenden amendments
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Compromise amendments to the constitution meant to appease the so.; stated that slavery was prohibited N. of 36 30’ but all territories so. Of that line was given fed. Protection; any new states would choose whether or not they wanted to be slave/free
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Simon Legree
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Character from Uncle Tom’s Cabin who is the slave owner that has Tom beaten to death; was considered an archetypal evil antagonist
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“Uncle Tom”
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Term applied to African-Americans who try to placate white ppl by appearing servile, someone who accepts fortune instead of fixing it
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“Bleeding Kansas”
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Both the N. & S. try to convert KS to their cause, setting off a civil war
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Buchanan
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Only bachelor prez to serve, ever.
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Dred Scott
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Slave of a southern gentleman (US army dr.) who was posted in IL & WI; slave was taken into No. & sues for freedom because he’s enslaved in a non-slave state, takes it to Supreme Ct.
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Taney
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Chief Justice of Supreme Ct. who pushed for the Scott case
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Foreign Miners Tax
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CA tax targeted & Mexican & Chinese miners during the CA Gold Rush; any profits made from mining were paid to the state
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Vanilla candidate
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Least offensive candidate, doesn’t have enemies and isn’t polarizing
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