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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ways for pathogens to enter the Central nervous system |
-breaks in bones and meninges---trauma -medical procedures -Traveling in peripheral neurons -infection of meninges |
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How can bacteria directly cause disease in the nervous system? what type of diseases? |
Directly infect cells -meningitis -encephalitis -leprosy
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How can bacteria INDIRECTLY cause disease in the nervous system? what type of diseases? |
Bacteria growing elsewhere and release toxins that affect neurons= neurotoxins
-botulism -tetanus
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Leprosy is what type of infection? |
Infection with mycobacterium leprae
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In 1995, World Health Organization estimated how many people disabled because of leprosy? How many are cured? Is it still around? |
2-3 million people permanently disabled. 15 mill people cured yes, 1,000 leper colonies in India |
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signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis |
sudden fever inflamed cranial, spinal meninges infection of brain |
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What are the 5 species that cause 90% of bacterial meningitis? |
Streptococcus pneumoniae- adults neisseria meningitidis- children over 2 months, epidemic streptococcus agalactiae-newborn haemophilus influenzae-leading cause prior 1990's listeria monocytogenes-fetus, pregnant women, low immune |
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Which organism was the first to have its entire genome sequenced? |
Haemophilus influenzae in 1995 |
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types of diseases H. influenzae causes |
Meningitis pneumonia cellulitis septic arthritis epiglottitis |
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botulism is cause by? |
intoxication from ingested toxin--clostridium botulinum is the causative agent |
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3 forms of botulism |
food-borne botulism- paralysis of voluntary muscles
infant botulism-bacteria growth in intestines
wound botulism |
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characterizations and symptoms of tetanus |
Prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers
caused by tetanospasmin |
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3 conditions of poliomyelitis |
1. asymptomatic infections 90% 2. non-paralytic polio---spasms 3.paralytic polio--paralysis |
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transmits how? infection starts and ends where? |
drinking contaminated water starts in throat-->intestines-->lymph nodes-->blood--> CNS=paralysis |
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2 types of polio vaccine |
salk-inactivated, stable
sabin- oral, nonstable, lifelong immunity |
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The organism of the rabbis virus? |
lyssavirus RNA, enveloped and bullet shaped |
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how does rabbis spread in the body? |
virus replicates in muscle cells and moves across neuromuscular joints into neurons "negri body" |
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what are the major source of rabies in nevada? what other animals have them? |
bats are the major source. raccoons, skunks and foxes |
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major source of rabies in the mid us? |
skunks |
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steps of symptoms of west nile virus |
infected by mosquito into bloodstream--> virus circulates-->virus triggers swollen lymph nodes-->symptoms occur: encephalitis |
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what type of virus is the wnv? dna or rna? |
RNA ss virus |
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what are some amoebic (protozoan) diseases? |
acanthamoeba or naegleria fowleri |
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Trachoma is caused by which organism? How does it affect the eye? |
chlamydia trachomatis- blindness |
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what are some prion diseases? (infectious proteins) |
Spongiform encephalopathies- scrapie, mad cow disease---leaves brains with holes.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease- can form sporadic, hereditary, or acquired. |
