Ch.2- The Central Nervous System/ Peripheral Nervous System /endocrine Glands

Front 1

central nervous system:

Back 1

is composed of the brain and the spinal cord

Front 2

The Brain:

Back 2

is the core of the nervous system, the part that makes sense of the info received from the senses, makes decisions, and sends commands out to the muscles and and the rest of the body if need

Front 3

Spinal Cord:

Back 3

is a long bundle of neurons that serves two vital functions for the nervous system

Front 4

There are three basic types of neurons:

Back 4

afferent(sensory) neurons

efferent( motor) neurons

interneurons

Front 5

afferent neurons

Back 5

carry messages from the senses to the spinal cord

Front 6

efferent neurons

Back 6

carry messages from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Front 7

interneurons

Back 7

connect the afferent neurons to the motor neurons

Front 8

reflex arc

Back 8

controlled by the spinal cord alone allows for very fast response times

Front 9

neuroplasticity:

Back 9

the ability to constantly change both the structure and function of many cells in the brain in response to experience and even trauma

Front 10

stem cells:

Back 10

special cells found in all the tissues of the body that are capable of becoming other cell types when those cells need to be replaced due to damage or wear and tear

Front 11

Peripheral nervous system:

Back 11

made up of all the nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord

Front 12

somatic nervous system:

Back 12

consists of nerves that control the voluntary muscles of the body

Front 13

automatic nervous system:

Back 13

which consists of the nerves that control the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands

Front 14

(Somatic nervous system)

Sensory pathways:

Back 14

comprises all the nerves carrying messages from the senses to the central nervous system

Front 15

(Somatic nervous system)

Motor pathway:

Back 15

all of the nerves carrying messages from the central nervous system to the voluntary or skeletal, muscles of the body

Front 16

(Autonomic Nervous System)

Sympathetic division:

Back 16

> located in the middle of the spinal column

> "fight or flight"

> allows people and animals to deal with stressful events

Front 17

(Autonomic Nervous System)

Parasympathetic Division:

Back 17

> "eat-drink-and-rest" system

> located at the top and bottom of the spinal column on either side of the sympathetic division neurons

Front 18

Endocrine glands:

Back 18

glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly in the bloodstream

Front 19

The pituitary gland:

Back 19

> located in the brain itself, just below the hypothalamus

> the master gland

> controls & influences all endocrine glands

Front 20

Oxytocin:

Back 20

> hormone that controls aspects of pregnancy

> is involved in a variety of ways with both reproduction and parental behavior

Front 21

The Pineal Gland:

Back 21

> located in the brain, near the back, directly above the brain stem

> secretes melatonin

Front 22

The thyroid gland:

Back 22

located inside the neck and secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism

Front 23

Pancreas:

Back 23

controls the level of blood sugar in the body by secreting insulin and glucagon

Front 24

Gonads:

Back 24

are the sex glands

ovaries and testes

Front 25

Adrenal glands:

Back 25

> one on top of each kidney

> releases over 30 different hormones