Ch.2 Medical Terminology

Front 1

-ism

Back 1

process

Front 2

-ior

Back 2

pertaining to

Front 3

sacr/o

Back 3

sacrum

Front 4

abdomin/o

Back 4

abdomen
(region below the chest containing internal organs)

Front 5

spin/o

Back 5

spine, backbone

Front 6

-ose

Back 6

pertaining to, full of

Front 7

-type

Back 7

picture, classifacation

Front 8

trache/o

Back 8

trachea, windpipe

Front 9

chondr/o

Back 9

cartilage
(type of connective tissue)

Front 10

omphal/o

Back 10

umbillicus (naval)

Front 11

ventr/o

Back 11

belly side of the body

Front 12

viscer/o

Back 12

internal organs

Front 13

-eal

Back 13

pertaining to

Front 14

uterus

Back 14

-the womb
-organ that holds the embryo and fetus as it develops

Front 15

pleura

Back 15

a double layered membrane surrounding each lung, and adjacent to the chest wall muscles

Front 16

thyroid gland

Back 16

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

Front 17

dorsal

Back 17

-posterior
-pertaining to the back

Front 18

peritoneum

Back 18

membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen.

Front 19

cranial cavity

Back 19

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.

Front 20

abdominal cavity

Back 20

-space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gall bladder, and intestines.
-also called the abdomen.

Front 21

-somes

Back 21

bodies

Front 22

meta-

Back 22

change

Front 23

inter-

Back 23

between

Front 24

cata-

Back 24

down

Front 25

ana-

Back 25

up

Front 26

deep

Back 26

away from the surface

Front 27

ureter

Back 27

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

Front 28

anabolism

Back 28

-building process
-process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials.

Front 29

catabolism

Back 29

process of breaking down complex materials (food) to form simpler substances and release energy.

Front 30

adipose tissue

Back 30

collection of fat cells

Front 31

urethra

Back 31

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Front 32

histologist

Back 32

one who specializes in the study of tissues.

Front 33

pituitary gland

Back 33

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

Front 34

pharynx

Back 34

throat

Front 35

larynx

Back 35

-voice box
-located at the upper part of the trachea

Front 36

cartilage

Back 36

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.

Front 37

vertebr/o

Back 37

vertebrae, backbones

Front 38

lumbar

Back 38

-loin (waist) region, (L1-L5)
-also called flank region
-between ribs and hip bone

Front 39

sacral

Back 39

-region of the sacrum, (S1-S5)
-S1 to S5 are fused to form one bonem the sacrum

Front 40

body cavity

Back 40

space within the body that contains internal organs. (visceral)

Front 41

thoracic

Back 41

-chest region, (T1-T12)
-each bone is joined to a rib

Front 42

cytoplasm

Back 42

material outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane

Front 43

medi/o

Back 43

middle

Front 44

proxim/o

Back 44

nearest

Front 45

coccyg/o

Back 45

-tailbone (coccyx)
-composed of four fused pieces.

Front 46

later/o

Back 46

side

Front 47

nerve cell

Back 47

may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses.

Front 48

fat cell

Back 48

contains large, empty spaces for fat storage.

Front 49

DNA

Back 49

-chemical found within each chromosone
-arranged like a sequence of recipies in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Front 50

epithelial cell

Back 50

skin cells that cover the external body surface and line internal surfaces of organs.

Front 51

trachea

Back 51

-windpipe
-tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes.

Front 52

inguin/o

Back 52

groin

Front 53

bol/o

Back 53

to cast; throw

Front 54

dors/o

Back 54

back portion of the body

Front 55

ili/o

Back 55

ilium (part of the backbone)

Front 56

kary/o

Back 56

nucleus

Front 57

anterior
(ventral)

Back 57

front side of the body

Front 58

thorac/o

Back 58

chest

Front 59

cercical

Back 59

neck region, (C1-C7)

Front 60

distal

Back 60

far from the point of attachment.

Front 61

anter/o

Back 61

front

Front 62

adip/o

Back 62

fat

Front 63

muscle tissue

Back 63

-voluntary muscle found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement in under conscious control.

-involuntary muscle, heart and digestive systems, allows movement that is not under conscious control.

Front 64

nerve tissue

Back 64

conducts impulses all over the body.

Front 65

connective tissue

Back 65

-fat (adipose tissue)
-cartilage, bone, and blood.

Front 66

epithelial tissue

Back 66

-located all over the body.
-forms the linings of the internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body.

Front 67

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 67

-cannals within the cytoplasm where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

-Ribosomes are found here.

Front 68

hypochondriac

Back 68

upper right and left regions below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen.

Front 69

epigastric

Back 69

upper middle region above the stomach.

Front 70

lumbar

Back 70

middle right and left regions near the waist.

Front 71

thel/o

Back 71

nipple

Front 72

muscle cell

Back 72

-long and slender.
-contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing.

Front 73

chromosomes

Back 73

-rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.
-46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except egg and sperm, which have 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.

Front 74

hypogastric

Back 74

lower middle region below the umbilical region.

Front 75

mediastinum

Back 75

centrally located space between the lungs.

Front 76

diaphragm

Back 76

muscle separating the abdominal and thoratic cavities.

Front 77

umbilical

Back 77

central region near the naval.

Front 78

inguinal

Back 78

-lower right and left regions near the groin.

-also called iliac regions.

Front 79

chrom/o

Back 79

color

Front 80

ventral

Back 80

-anterior.
-pertaining to the front.

Front 81

pelv/o

Back 81

hip, pelvic cavity.

Front 82

poster/o

Back 82

back, behind

Front 83

disk, (disc)

Back 83

a pad of cartilage between vertebrae.

Front 84

coccygeal

Back 84

region of the coccyx (tailbone).

Front 85

lumb/o

Back 85

lower back.

Front 86

nucle/o

Back 86

nucleus

Front 87

supine

Back 87

-lying on the back.
-face up, palms up.

Front 88

transverse plane

Back 88

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

Front 89

vertebrae

Back 89

backbones

Front 90

spinal cord

Back 90

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.

Front 91

spinal column

Back 91

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.

Front 92

posterior (dorsal)

Back 92

back side of the body.

Front 93

superior

Back 93

-cephalic.
-above another structure.

Front 94

vertebra

Back 94

a single backbone.

Front 95

umbilic/o

Back 95

umbilicus, naval.

Front 96

prone

Back 96

-lying on the belly.
-face down, palms down.

Front 97

proximal

Back 97

near the point of attachment.

Front 98

mid sagittal plane

Back 98

divides the body into right and left halves.

Front 99

sagittal (lateral) plane.

Back 99

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides.

Front 100

superficial

Back 100

on the surface.

Front 101

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 101

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.

Front 102

inferior

Back 102

-caudal
-below another structure.

Front 103

cell membrane

Back 103

-structure surrounding and protecting the cell.

-determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 104

crani/o

Back 104

skull

Front 105

dist/o

Back 105

far, distant

Front 106

cervic/o

Back 106

neck of the body or uterus.

Front 107

mitochondria

Back 107

-structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy.

-produces energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen.

Front 108

metabolism

Back 108

-the sum of anabolism and catabolism

Front 109

karyotype

Back 109

-picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.

-the chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Front 110

genes

Back 110

regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Front 111

nucleus

Back 111

-control center of a cell.

-contains chromosomes.

-directs the activities of the cell.

Front 112

thoracic cavity

Back 112

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.

Front 113

hist/o

Back 113

tissue

Front 114

RLQ

Back 114

-right lower quadrant.

-contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, and right ureter.

Front 115

LUQ

Back 115

-left upper quadrant.

-contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines.

Front 116

RUQ

Back 116

-right upper quadrant.

-contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines.

Front 117

LLQ

Back 117

-lower left quadrant.

-contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter.

Front 118

spinal cavity

Back 118

-space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord.

-also called the spinal canal.

Front 119

pleural cavity

Back 119

space between the pleaural membranes and surrounding each lung.

Front 120

pelvic cavity

Back 120

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.