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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the smallest chemical units of matter in the human body?
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Atoms
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Neutrons, protons, electrons, atoms, and molecules; which is the smallest?
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Electrons
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Neutrons, protons, electrons, atoms, and molecules; which is the largest?
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Molecules
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What is an isotope?
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It contains the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
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How do you find the atomic number?
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Look at the number of protons
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What is an element?
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Atoms with the same atomic number
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How do you find the mass number?
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the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
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When an atom either gains or loses electrons, what is it known as?
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An ion
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If an ion loses electrons, what is it called?
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Negative
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If an ion gains electrons, what is it called?
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Positive
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What does inert mean?
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When the outer part of an atom is completely filled, not allowing other atoms to attach
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What is reactive?
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When there is space on the outer part of an atom, allowing other atoms to attach
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What is the different between decomposition and synthesis?
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decomposition = Breaking down of substances
Synthesis = Combining of substances |
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what are the properties of an enzyme?
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lower activation energy; are proteins; controls reactions (speeds up/slows down reaction); exhibits specificity (one enzyme, one reaction)
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What are inorganic substances?
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Substances that have the ability to dissolve in water
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what are some examples of inorganic compounds?
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Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, salt, electrolites, acids, & bases
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What are the properties of water?
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Major portion of the body (about 2/3); acts as solvents and reactants; has polarity; can hold heat in most cases
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What is polarity?
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When one water molecule is by another water molecule, the charges create an attraction to one another
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if the solution H+ and OH- are exactly equal, what is is? What is it's pH?
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A neutral solution; pH=7
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if the solution is H+ and OH-, but the H+ ions are higher, what is this? What is it's pH?
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An acid; pH=7-
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if the solution H+ and OH-, but the OH- ions are higher, what is this? What is the pH?
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A base; pH=7+
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What is the pH of human blood?
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7.4
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If the pH is bigger than 7, what is it?
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A base
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If the pH is smaller than 7, what is it?
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An acid
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What do carbohydrates do, and what are some examples?
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The provide energy; potatoes, bread, soft drinks, pasta, fruit
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What is the most important metabolic fuel?
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Glucose
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What are isomers? Some examples?
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Molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structures; glucose, dextrose, fructose
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What is the most common fat found in the body?
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Triglycerides
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What holds amino acids together?
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Peptides
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When there are two amino acids together, what is it known as?
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Di-peptides
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When there are many amino acids together, what is it known as?
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polypeptides
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What do a bunch of peptides create?
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Protein
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What molecules store genetic information
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DNA
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What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
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Nucleotides
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What is the difference between two amino acids?
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On has an R group (a variable)
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What kind of chain does DNA have?
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A double chain
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What kind of chain does RNA have?
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A single chain
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What are some examples of organic compounds?
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Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
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For two simple sugars to connect, what must take place?
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Dehydration synthesis
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What is the opposite of dehydration synthesis?
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Hydrolysis synthesis
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What is metabolic turnover?
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When substances are constantly being replaced
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