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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A dark yellow color urine indicates _____
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Concentrated urine( volume depletion), bilirubinuria, increased UBG
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A red or pink urine indicates
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Hematuria, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria
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What does a fixed Specific Gravity indicate?EG 1.010
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Lack of concentration and dilution
EG Chronic Renal Failure |
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Why is specific gravity so useful?
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Cheapest and most effective test that tells you the kidneys are working.
i.e. Inability to concentrate urine = first sign of renal failure |
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What does the Chemical Dipstick detect?
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pH, Protein, Glucose, ketones, Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, Blood, Nitrites, and leukocyte esterase
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How do you detect Proteus in the Urine?
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Via alkaline urine; Proteus converts urea to ammonia via urease.
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What determines the pH of the urine?
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Diet and acid-base status
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The chemical dipstick detects what type of protein?
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Detects Albumin not globulins; in Proteinuria states
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What does the Sulfosalicylic acid, SSA detect?
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Detects both Albumin and Globulins
EG Bence Jones proteins BJ |
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If a patient has albuminuria, how does the chemical dipstick compare to SSA?
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Dipstick and SSA are the same
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If a patient has BJ protein, how does SSA compare to dipstick result?
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SSA will be greater than dipstick
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If a patient has increased SERUM glucose plus Glucosuria what must they have?
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Diabetes Mellitus
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If a patient has Normal serum glucose and Glucosuria, what can they have?
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1. Normal Pregnancy
2. Benign glucosuria Both have a decreased threshold for glucose |
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When the chemical dipstick detects ketones, KETONURIA, what are some causes?
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1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
2. Starvation 3. Ketogenic Diets 4. Pregnancy |
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What does the Ketone chemical dipstick detect in the urine?
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1. Acetone
2. AcAc,Acetoacetic Acid Not B-OH butyric acid |
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What are some causes when bilirubinuria is found in the urine?
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Viral Hepatitis
Obstructive Jaundice |
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If Urobilinogen is not detected in the urine what must the patient have?
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Obstructive Jaundice
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If there is an increase in UBG in the urine what can the patient have?
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1. Viral Hepatitis
2. HemolyticAnemia -Spherocytosis |
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If a patient has hematuria, what are some causes?
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Renal calulus, infection, cancer
( renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma) |
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If hemoglobin is found in the urine, hemoglobinuria, what must the patient have?
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Intravascular hemolytic anemia
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If a patient has crush injuries what would you expect to find in the urine?
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Myoglobinuria
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How are nitrates produced in the urine?
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Nitrites are reduced to Nitrates via bacteria
EG E.coli |
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A positive leukocyte esterase test in the urine indicates with pyuria ( pus in urine)?
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Infections ( urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis)
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A positive leukocyte esterase test in the urine indicates (with sterile pyuria and negative culture)?
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1.Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis
2.Renal TB |
