Ch.16,17 Vocab.

Front 1

Joseph Stalin

Back 1

Took control of the country after V.I. Lenin died in 1924. He focused on creating a model communist state.

Front 2

Collectivization

Back 2

was a policy pursued under Stalin between 1928 and 1940. The goal of this policy was to consolidate individual land and labor into collective farms.

Front 3

Great Purge

Back 3

a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin in 1936–1938.

Front 4

Totalitarian

Back 4

A government where individuals have no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition.

Front 5

Benito Mussolini

Back 5

Established a totalitarian regime in Italy. He was a powerful speaker who played on the fears of economic collapse and communism, and won the support of many discontented Italians.

Front 6

Fascism

Back 6

A party established by Mussolini. It stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals.

Front 7

Adolf Hitler

Back 7

Followed a path to power similar to Mussolini’s. He joined a group called the National socialist German Workers Party (nazi party) in 1919.

Front 8

Nazism

Back 8

The German brand of fascism. It was based on extreme nationalism.

Front 9

Lebensraum

Back 9

was a belief in Germany in the early 20th century that Germany needed new land to expand in, especially toward the east.

Front 10

Mein Kampf

Back 10

"My Struggle" is a book by Adolf Hitler.

Front 11

Francisco Franco

Back 11

A general who led a group of Spanish army officers in 1936. They rebelled against the Spanish republic.

Front 12

Manchuria

Back 12

a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Asia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast China

Front 13

Neutrality Acts

Back 13

A series of acts passed by congress (1935) in an effort to keep the United States out of future wars.

Front 14

Neville Chamberlain

Back 14

British prime minister.

Front 15

Winston Churchill

Back 15

Disagreed with Chamberlain’s decision to sign the Munich agreement.

Front 16

Appeasement

Back 16

Giving up Principles to pacify an aggressor.

Front 17

Munich pact

Back 17

an agreement permitting Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.

Front 18

Non-Aggression Pact

Back 18

The pact that Stalin signed with Hitler on August 23, 1939 fascist Germany and communist Russia committed to never attack each other.

Front 19

Blitzkrieg

Back 19

Lightning war.

Front 20

Charles deGaulle

Back 20

A French general who fled to England after the fall of France. He set up a government-in-exile and proclaimed, “France has lost a battle”, but France has not lost the war.”

Front 21

Holocaust

Back 21

The systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe, more than half of whom were Jews.

Front 22

Nuremberg Laws

Back 22

anti-Semitic laws in nazi Germany, which were introduced at the annual Party, rally in Nuremberg.

Front 23

Antisemitism

Back 23

against, or hostility towards Jews

Front 24

Kristallnacht

Back 24

“Night of Broken Glass”

Front 25

Final Solution

Back 25

was Nazi Germany's plan and execution of the systematic genocide of European Jews during World War II, resulting in the final, most deadly phase of the Holocaust.

Front 26

Untermenschen

Back 26

is a term that became infamous when the Nazi racial ideology used it to describe "inferior people".

Front 27

Concentration Camps

Back 27

Labor camps

Front 28

Auschwitz

Back 28

a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated in occupied Poland by Nazi Germany.

Front 29

Genocide

Back 29

The deliberate and systematic killing of and entire population.

Front 30

Cash and Carry

Back 30

replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1936.

Front 31

Axis Powers

Back 31

The three nations, Germany, Italy, and Japan, who signed a mutual defense treaty, the tripartite pact on September 27th.

Front 32

Tripartite Pact

Back 32

a pact signed in Berlin, Germany on September 27, 1940, which established the Axis Powers of World War II.

Front 33

Wendell Willkie

Back 33

Republican who lost to FDR.

Front 34

Lend-Lease Plan

Back 34

A law that was passed in 1941. It allowed the US to ship arms and other supplies, without immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis powers.

Front 35

Atlantic Charter

Back 35

A 1941 declaration of principles in which the US and Great Britain set forth their goals in opposing the Axis powers.

Front 36

Hideki Tojo

Back 36

Chief of staff of Japan’s Kwantung Army. He launched the invasion into China in July 1937.

Front 37

Pearl Harbor

Back 37

The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, brought the United States into World War II.

Front 38

Selective Service

Back 38

is a means by which the United States maintains information on those potentially subject to military conscription.

Front 39

George Marshall

Back 39

Army chief of staff who pushed for the formation of a women’s auxiliary Army corps.

Front 40

WAAC

Back 40

(Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps) US army unit created during World War II to enable women to serve in non-combat positions.

Front 41

A. Phillip Randolph

Back 41

President and founder of the Brotherhood of sleeping car porters and the nation’s most respected African-American labor leader, organized a march on Washington.

Front 42

Manhattan Project

Back 42

Became the code name for research work that extended across the country.

Front 43

OPA

Back 43

The OPA fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods. It rationed foods, such as meat, butter, cheese, vegetables, sugar, and coffee.

Front 44

WPB

Back 44

(War Production Board) An agency established during World War II to coordinate the production of military supplies by US industries.

Front 45

Rationing

Back 45

Establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military.

Front 46

Battle of Stalingrad

Back 46

a major battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in southwestern Russia.

Front 47

Dwight Eisenhower

Back 47

An American general who commanded Operation Torch, an invasion of axis-controlled North Africa.

Front 48

Anzio

Back 48

the site of a crucial Allied landing during World War II.

Front 49

Tuskegee Airmen

Back 49

the popular name of a group of African American pilots who fought in World War II. Formally, they were the 332nd Fighter Group of the U.S. Army Air Corps.

Front 50

D Day

Back 50

June 6th, 1944. The first day of the invasion.

Front 51

Omar Bradley

Back 51

Unleashed massive air and land bombardment against the enemy at st. Lo on July 25th.

Front 52

George Patton

Back 52

General, who with the company of his third army, reached the scene River south of Paris on August 23.

Front 53

Battle of the Bulge

Back 53

On December 16, German tanks broke through American Defenses. Tanks drove 60 miles into allied territory, creating a bulge in the lines that gave this last ditch it’s name.

Front 54

V-E Day

Back 54

Victory in Europe Day (May 8th, 1945) celebrated the end of the war in Europe.

Front 55

Harry Truman

Back 55

Became the nations 33rd president on April 12,1945.

Front 56

Douglas MacArthur

Back 56

Was in command of allied forces at the time of the Japanese invasion in December 1941.

Front 57

Battle of Coral Sea

Back 57

fought during May 4–8, 1942, was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval and air forces from the United States (U.S.) and Australia.

Front 58

Battle of Midway

Back 58

s widely regarded as the most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War II. It was fought between 4 and 7 June 1942.

Front 59

Chester Nimitz

Back 59

despite the losses from the attack on Pearl Harbor and the shortage of ships, planes and supplies, successfully organized his forces to halt the Japanese advance.

Front 60

Guadalcanal

Back 60

The Island where the Battle of Guadalcanal took place on August 7, 1942.

Front 61

5-year plan

Back 61

series of nation-wide centralized exercises in rapid economic development in the Soviet Union. The plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the Theory of Productive Forces that was part of the general guidelines of the Communist Party for economic development.

Front 62

Rome-Berlin Axis Pact

Back 62

Originally Mussolini did not want to be Hitler’s ally and in 1935 talks were held with Britain and France at the Stresa Front, but these came to nothing when Anthony Eden of Britain threatened oil sanctions against Mussolini during the Abyssinian crisis. This caused the Rome-Berlin Axis in 1936. Mussolini and Hitler strengthened their alliance on two occasions

Front 63

Wolf Packs

Back 63

the name given to groups of German U-boats (submarines) during WWII.

Front 64

Hull 440

Back 64

A cargo ship

Front 65

OSRD

Back 65

Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) was an agency of the United States federal government created to coordinate scientific research for military purposes during World War II

Front 66

The Battle of the Atlantic

Back 66

the longest continuous military campaign of World War II, running from 1939 through to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, and was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943.

Front 67

Nisei

Back 67

term used in countries in North America, South America and Australia to specify the children born to Japanese people in the new country.

Front 68

Kamikazes

Back 68

suicide attacks by military aviators from the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, designed to destroy as many warships as possible.

Front 69

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Back 69

from 23 to 26 October 1944, between naval and naval-air forces of the Allies and those of the Empire of Japan.

Front 70

Okinawa

Back 70

Island where the 82-day-long battle lasted from early April until mid-June, 1945.

Front 71

Hideki Tojo

Back 71

Chief of staff of Japan’s Kwantung Army. He launched the invasion into China in July 1937.

Front 72

Atlantic Charter

Back 72

A 1941 declaration of principles in which the US and Great Britain set forth their goals in opposing the Axis powers.

Front 73

Pearl Harbor

Back 73

The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, brought the United States into World War II.

Front 74

Iwo Jima

Back 74

The U.S. invasion was charged with the mission of capturing the two airfields on Iwo Jima.

Front 75

The Manhattan Project

Back 75

was the codename for a project conducted during World War II to develop the first atomic bomb.

Front 76

.J Robert Oppenheimer

Back 76

scientific director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons.

Front 77

Hiroshima

Back 77

America dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15am on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.

Front 78

Nagasaki

Back 78

the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to be subject to nuclear attack.

Front 79

Yalta Conference

Back 79

it was intended to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of war-torn Europe.

Front 80

Nuremberg Trials

Back 80

a series of military tribunals, held by the main victorious Allied forces of World War II.