Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Locus |
Location of a gene in a chromosome |
|
|
Homozygous |
Having identical alleles of a gene |
|
|
Genotype |
The particular set of alleles carried by an individual |
|
|
Phenotype |
An individual's observable traits |
|
|
Hybrids |
The offspring of a cross between two individuals that breed true for different forms of a trait; heterozygous individual |
|
|
Heterozygous |
Having two different alleles |
|
|
Dominant |
Refers to an allele that masks the effect of a recessive allele paired to it |
|
|
Recessive |
Refers to an allele with an effect that is masked by a dominant allele on the homologous chromosome |
|
|
Punnett Square |
Diagram used to predict the genetic and phenotypic outcome of a cross |
|
|
Monohybrid cross |
Breeding experiment in which individuals identically heterozygous for one gene are crossed. The frequency of traits among the offspring offers information about the dominance relationship between the alleles |
|
|
Law of segregation |
The two members of each pair of genes on homologous chromosomes end up in different gametes during meiosis |
|
|
Dihybrid cross |
Breeding experiment in which individuals identically heterozygous for two genes are crossed. The frequency of traits among the offspring offers information about the dominance relationships between paired alles |
|
|
Law if independent assortment |
During meiosis, members of a pair of genes on homologous chromosomes get distributed into gametes independently of other gene pairs |
|
|
Linkage group |
All genes on a chromosome |
|
|
Testcross |
Method of determining genotype in which an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with one that is known to be homozygous recessive |
|
|
Condominance |
Refers to two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals |
|
|
Multiple allele system |
Gene for which three or more alleles persist in a population |
|
|
Incomplete dominance |
Condition in which one allele is not fully dominant over another, so the heterozygous phenotype is between the two homozygous phenotypes |
|
|
Epistasis |
Effect in which a trait is influenced by the products of multiple genes |
|
|
Pleiotropic |
Refers to a gene whose product influences multiple traits |
|
|
Continuous variation |
In a population, a range of small differences in a shared trait |
|
|
Bell curve |
Bell shaped curve; typically results from graphing frequency versus distribution for a trait that varies continuously |
