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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal structure and function |
Normal structure and function |
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
a hormone released from the pituitary gland that causes water reabsorption in the kidneys |
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angiotensin |
A substance that increases blood pressure |
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calyx |
a cup-like cavity in the pelvis of the kidney |
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diuresis |
Excretion of urine |
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diuretic |
a substance that increases the excretion of urine |
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erythtopoietin |
a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow |
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glomerular capsule |
the cup-shaped structure at the begining of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and revceives material filtered out of the blood |
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Kidney |
an organ f excretion; the two kidneys filter the blood and form urine |
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micturition |
the voiding of urine |
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nephron |
a microscopic functional unit of the kidney |
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renal cortex |
the kidney's outer ortion |
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renal medulla |
the kidney's inner portion |
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renal pelvis |
the expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney |
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renal pyramid |
a triangular structure int he renal medulla |
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renin |
an enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angitensin int he blood |
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trigone |
a triangle at the base of the bladder formed by the opening of the two ureters and the urethra |
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tubular reabsorption |
the return of the substance from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries |
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urea |
the main nitrogenous waste product int he urine |
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urter |
the tube that carries urine fromt he kidney to the bladder |
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urethra |
the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
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urinary blader |
the organ that stores and eliminates urine excreted by the kidneys |
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urination |
the voiding of urine |
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urine |
the fluid excreted by the kidneys |
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Disorders |
Disorders |
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acidosis |
excessive acidity of body fluids |
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bacteriuria |
presence of bacteria in the urine |
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cast |
a solid mold of a renal tubule found in the urine |
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cystitis |
inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as result of infection |
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dysuria |
painful or difficult urination |
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glomerulonephritis |
Inflammation of the kidney primarilyinvolving the glomeruli |
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hematuria |
presence of blood in the urine |
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hydronephrosis |
collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction |
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hypokalemia |
deficiency of potassium in the blood |
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hypoantremia |
deficiency of sodium in the blood |
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hypoproteinemia |
decreased amount of protein in the blood; |
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hyperkalemia |
excess amount of small amounts of urine |
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proteinuria |
presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine |
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pyelonephritis |
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney |
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pyiria |
presence of pus in the urine |
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renal cloic |
radiating pain in the region of the kidney associated with the passage of stones |
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uremia |
presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficeiency |
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urethritis |
inflammation of the urethra |
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urinary stasis |
stoppage of urine flow |
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Diagnosis and Treatment |
Diagnosis and Treatment |
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catherization |
introduction of a tube into a passage |
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cystoscope |
an instrument for examining in the interior of the urinary bladder |
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dialysis |
separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane. |
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hemodualysis |
Removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane |
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intravenous pyelography(IVP) |
intranvenous urography |
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lithotripsy |
crushing of a stone |
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peritoneal dialysis |
removal of unwanted substances from the body by introduction of a dialyzing fluid into the peritoneal cavity followed by removal of the fluid |
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retrograde pyelography |
pyelography in which the contrast medium is injected into the kidneys from below |
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specific gravity (SG) |
the weight of a substance compared with the weight of an equal volume of water |
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urinalysis |
laboratory study of the urine |
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Surgery |
Surgery |
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cystectomy |
surgicla removal of all or part of the urinary bladder |
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ileal conduit |
Diverson of urine by connection of the uterus to an isolated segment of the ileum |
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lithotomy |
incision of an organ to remove a stone |
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renal transplantation |
Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient |
