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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transformation |
Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria |
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Bacteriophage |
Virus that infects bacteria |
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Nucleotide |
Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
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Base Pairing |
Principle that bonds DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine |
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Chromatin |
Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
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Histone |
Protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin |
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Replication |
Copying process in which a cell duplicates its DNa |
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DNA polymerase |
Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule |
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Gene |
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
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Messenger RNA |
RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell |
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Ribosomal RNA |
Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes |
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Transfer RNA |
Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
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Transcription |
Process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA |
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RNA polymerase |
Enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription |
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Promoter |
Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA |
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Intron |
Sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein |
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Exon |
Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein |
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Codon |
Three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid. |
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Translation |
Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain. |
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Anticodon |
Group of three bases on a RNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon. |
