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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the organs of the endorcine system
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Adrenal Gland, ovaries, pancreas, parathyroid glands, pineal gland, pituitary gland, testes thymus gland, thyroid gland
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Acr/o ?
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extremities
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aden/o?
adren/o? |
gland
adrenal gland |
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andr/o?
cal/o? crin/o? |
male
calcium secrete |
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estro/o?
kal/i? |
female
potassium |
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glyc/o?
gonad/o? home/o? |
sugar
sex glands sameness |
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natr/o?
ophthalm/o? pineal? |
sodium
eye pineal gland |
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pituitar/o?
somat/o? thym/o? |
pituitary gland
body thymus gland |
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thyr/o?
tox/o? |
thyroid gland
poison |
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crine?
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to secrete
ex. endocine |
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dipsia?
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thrist
ex. polydispia |
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emia?
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blood condition
ex. hyperkalemia |
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tropin?
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stimulate
ex. adrenocorticotropin |
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uria?
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urine condition
ex. polyuria |
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endocrine system?
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collection of glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream.
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The body has two types of of glands?
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exocrine and the endocrine glands
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what does the exocrine glands do?
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they release their secretions into a duct that carries them to the outside of the body, ex. sweat glands.
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what does the endocrine gladns do?
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release hormones directly into the bloodstream. ex. the thyroid gland enters into the bloodstream. They are ductless glands.
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The endocrine systems consists of what glands?
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two adrenal glands, two ovaries, four parathyroid glands, pancreas, pineal, pituitary, two testes, thymus, and the thyroid glands.
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The two adrenal glands are located where?
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above each kidney
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the adrenal glands are composed of what?
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the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
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The outer layer of the adrenal cortex manufactures what hormones?
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mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and steroid sex hormones.
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the mineralocorticoid hormone (aldosterone) regulates what?
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sodium, potassium levels in the body.
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The glucocorticoid hormone (cortisol) regulates what?
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carbs in the body
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The adrenal cortex of both men and women secrete steroid hormones of what?
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androgens and estrogen and proesterone
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The adrenal medulla is responisbile for secreting what?
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epinephrine and norepinephrine. these hormones are critical during emergency situations.
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epinephrine does what to the body in an emergency?
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increases heart rate blood pressure respiration levels.
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what are gonads?
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organs(female) that produce gametes(reproductive sex cells).
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The ovaries produce what?
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estrogen and progesterone
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Progesterine does what?
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helps to maintain suitable uterine environment for pregnancy.
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Where is the pancreas located?
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lower curvature of the stomach
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Pancreas is the only organ in the body that contains what?
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both endocrine and exocrine functions
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The exocrine portion of the pancreas does what?
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releases digestive enzymes through a duct into the small intestines.
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The endocrine part of the pancreas contains what?
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islets of Langerhans
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What does the islets of langerhans do?
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produce: insulin and glucagon
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insulin stimulates the cells of the body to do what?
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take glucose from the bloodstream.
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loss or impairment of the function of insulin is what?
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diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia(high blood sugar)
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Overproduction of insulin is what?
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hypoglycemia
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Whats the difference bw type 1 and type 11 diabetes
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Type1 there is destruction to the islet cells and the person cannot produce enough insulin, type2 the person makes sufficient amount of insulin but ut has losts its ability to influence the cells of the body.
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The four tiny parathyroid glands are located where?
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dorsal surface of the thyroid gland.
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the parathyroid gland does what?
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regulates the amount of calcium in the blood.
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if calcium levels are low the parathyroid will do what?
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the hormone will increase in the blood and will stimulate bone breakdown to release more calicum.
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The pineal gland is where
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pine cone shaped gland located in the brain
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the pineal gland secretes what? What does it do?
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melatonin, and it regulates the body's circadian rhythm( our 24 hour clock)
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Where is the pituitary gland located?
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underneath side of the brain
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The pituitary gland is divided how?
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anterior lobe and posterior lobe. both of these are conrtolled by the hypothalamus
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The anterior pituitary gland does what?
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growth hormone(somatotropin), Thyroid-stimulating hormone(tsh)regulates function of hormone, adrenocorticotropin regulates the adrenal cortex, Prolactin(PRL) stimulates milk production in breast, follicle-stim. horm.& luteinizing horm influence male and female gonads, Melanocyte-stim. horm. to porduce more melanin(darkening skin).
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The posterior pituitary gland does what?
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secretes 2 horm: antidiuretic horm.(adh)and oxytocin. adh is also called vasopressin, promotes water reabsorption by the kidney. oxytocin stim. urine contractions during labor and delivery and milk.
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The thymus is apart of what system? and what hormo. does it release?
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immune system, and releases thymosin.
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Where is the thymus located?
what is its main purpose? |
mediastinal cavity anterior and posterior to the heart.
immune system in newborns and is largest during puberty.it creates T-Cells. |
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The thyroid gland is located where?
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butterfly shape around the the trachea and larynx
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WHat does the thyroid produce?
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horm: thyroxine(T4)and triiodothyronine(T3), formed in the thyroid from the mineral iodine.also calcitonin.
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what does the horm, of the thyroid do?
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regulates the production of energy and heat in the body.
calcitonin is secreted in response to hypercalcemis(too high calicum levels) |
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adrenomegaly?
adrenaloectomy? androgen? |
enlarged adrenal gland
excision of adrenal glands male forming |
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hypercalcemia
endocrinopathy |
excessive calcium in blood
endocrine sys. disease |
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hypocalcemia
hyperkalemia |
low calicum in blood
excessive potassium in blood |
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hyponatremia
parathyroidectomy |
low sodium in the blood
excision of the parathyroid gland |
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Thyrotoxicosis
euthyroid |
abnormal cond. of poising by the thyroid
normal thyroid |
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hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism thyroidotomy |
state of excessive thyroid
state of low thyroid incision of thyroid gland |
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polydipsia
glycosuria |
many thrist
sugar in urine |
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edema
exophthalmos |
body tissues contain excessive fluids
eyeballs protude(graves disease) overproduction of thyroid. |
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gynecomastia
hirsutism |
males develop breast tissue
excessive amount of hair |
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hypersecretion
hyposecretion |
excessive hormone production
deficient horm prod |
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acidosis
cretinism |
excessive acid of body fluids
lack of thyroid devep. resulting in arrested physical and mental devep. |
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Cushing's syndrome
acromegaly |
named after Harvey Cushing results from hypersecretion of the adrenal gland of the adrenal cortex. (tumor in the gland)
chronic disease(adults) elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities. |
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addison's disease
adenocarinoma |
deficiency in adrenocortical horm. increased pigmentation of skin, weakness, weight loss
cancerous tumor in a gland, cause of hypersecretion pathologies. |
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diabetes retinopathy
goiter |
secondary complication of diabetes that affects the blood vesseks of the retina, visual changes and blindness
Enlargement of thyroid gland |
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hashimoto's disease
myxedema |
chronic form of thyroiditis(named after jap. surgeon)
hypofunction of the thyroid, causes anemia, slow speech, etc. |
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tetany
von Recklinghausen's |
painful muscle cramps due to hypocalcemia
Excessive production of parathyroid horm. results in degeneration of bones. |