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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 basic emotions and when do they emerge? (4 timelines)
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Basic emotions are happy, sad, anger, fear, disgust, surprise
Newborns- can't really see an distinct emotions (general pleasure vs. general distress) 2-3 months-clear expressions of joy in social settings usually
4-6 months- clear expressions of anger (if you take away a toy they will be angry)8-9 months- you can usually see all basic emotions |
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When do complex emotions develop? Why?
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Complex emotions don't develop until age 2 (18-24 months)
-these include emotions like embarrassment, pride, shame, guilt -it depends on when sense of self emerges |
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Are infants better or worse at regulating emotions with age?
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Better, can calm themselves down better.
However, display rules are a cultural aspect of emotional expressions that say what is appropriate and what isn't (adults know it isn't okay to laugh at funerals) |
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What is the still face experiment? Describe the implications. Is there a scenario in real life that can depict this? |
This experiment can be done with all ages but was done with 4-6 month olds. In this experiment the caregiver is told to give baby a neutral expression Results: baby freaks out, babies realize there is this social emotional exchange that goes on, this is very stressful for babies, they try really hard to make parent engage When a parent is depressed, it can mean they lack emotion and may be giving a neutral face. This can lead to attachment disruption |
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In regards to perceiving emotions, what is the difference between what 4-6 months old can do and 10-12 months old? |
4-6 months- can tell apart emotions 10-12 months- use emotions in other people to help make decisions (social referencing) Visual Cliff 2.0 -if parent seems encouraging to the baby, the baby will cross -if parent seems discouraging or fearful, the baby will usually not cross *we look around to see how others are reacting |
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What is the main function of emotions? |
They are valuable because they help people adapt, keeping them away from danger and strengthening social relationships |
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What are 3 elements that basic emotions consist of? Explain.
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1) A subjective feeling
2) A physiological change 3) Overt behaviour Example: You wake to the sound of a thunderstorm and then discover your rommate left for class with your umbrella. Subjectively, you feel a jolt of anger. Physiologically, your heart beats faster. Behaviourally, you are scowling. |
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Define social smiles and when they occur.Define stranger wariness and when it occurs.
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Social smiles- appear in 2-3 month olds- infants smile when they see another person
Stranger wariness-appear at 6 months of age- is infants become wary in the presence of an unfamiliar adult |
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How wary an infant feels around strangers depends on what 2 factors?
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1) Infants tend to be less fearful of strangers when the environment is familiar2) The infants anxiety depends on a strangers behaviour
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What is the negative emotion we know least about and why?
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Disgust- we know parents play an important role in helping children identify disgusting stimuli (this is useful because many cues that elicit disgust are also signals of potential illness)
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What role do cultures play in experiencing emotions?
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Cultures differ in the extent to which emotional expression is encouraged.Cultures also differ in the events that trigger emotions (usually complex emotions)For example, asian elementary school children are embarrassed by individual achievement but show great pride when their entire class shows achievement)
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When can infants first identify emotions in others?
Which faces do infants pay more attention to?How do we know if an infant understands the emotions expressed on a face? |
4-6 months of age
Negative emotions and pay attention to them longer than emotionless or happy faces Infants often match their own emotions to other people's emotions |
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What is social referencing?
Time lines (12 months, 14 months, 18 months) |
Infants in an unfamiliar or ambiguous environment often look at their caregiver as if searching for cues to help them interpret a situation
Given the situation that a parent looks at one toy grossly and another toy in a nice way 12 months- will avoid the toy that elicited the disgust but not the other toy 14 months- infants remember this information that happened an hour earlier 18 months- if there are 2 adults, the infant is less likely to play with the toy if second adult expresses disgust/anger |
