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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is epimysium?
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surround the whole muscle
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What is perimysium?
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-surround the individual groups within muscle
-compartmentalizing |
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What is fascicle?
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surrounded by the perimysium
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What is endomysium?
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surrounds individual muscle fibers
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What is sarcolemma?
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plasma membrane of muscle fibers
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What is sarcoplasm?
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the cell
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What is the function of T-tubules?
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allow the action potential move down to the contractile unit of the muscle
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What is the function sarcomplasmic reticulum?
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stores calcium
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When sarcomplasmic reticulum comes into contact with T-tubules what happens?
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Terminal Cisternae forms
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What does a Triad contain?
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2 terminal cisternae and T-tubules
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What is myosin?
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Thick filaments of myofibrils
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what are the 3 types of thin filament?
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1. Actin
-if exposed to myosin they will bind 2. Troponin -safeguard for tropomyosin 3. Tropomyosin -preventing myosin interaction |
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What is the contractile units that forms when alternating thick filament and thick filament protein comes together?
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sarcomeres
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What are the functions of skeletal muscle?
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-body position
-movement -support soft tissues -maintain body temperature -store nutrient |
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What happen when myofibril contract?
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the entire cell shortens and pulls on the tendon
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What is I band?
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Lighter cause no thick filament
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What is A band?
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Darker due to the overlap of thin and thick filament
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What is H zone?
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dark but not as dark due to just thick filament
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What is Z line?
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dark bands in the middle of the light band
-attached titin |
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What is titin?
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-protein that anchors myosin
-attach to Z line |
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What is the purpose of ion channels?
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1. Integral membrane proteins
2. Act as “channels” to allow specific ions across the cell membrane 3. Leak channels (not gated) 4. Can be gated -Gates can be opened and closed based on certain charge |
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What is another name for not gated channels?
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leak channels
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What is another name for gated channels?
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voltage
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What does active transporters of sodium/potassium pump requires?
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ATP to pump ions from low to high concentrations
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What are the characteristics of sodium/potassium pump?
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1. Active transporters
2. Integral membrane proteins 3. Move 3 Na+ ions from inside to outside 4. Moves 2 K+ ions from outside to inside 5. Maintain resting membrane potentials of nerves |
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What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?
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-Branched
-One nucleus -Striated -Involuntary (move itself) -Intercalated discs |
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What are the characteristics of smooth muscle?
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-Spindle shaped
-No Striations -Involuntary -One Nucleus -Arranged in sheets |
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What is skeletal muscle?
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-Multinucleated
-Striated -Voluntary -Looooong fibers |
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What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?
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1. Excitable
2. Conductive 3. Contractile (cellular level) 4. Extensible(shorten and lengthen) 5. Elastic |
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What is neuromuscular junction also known as?
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synapse
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What are the characteristics of Neuromuscular Junction?
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1. Functional connection between nerve and muscle
2. Synaptic knob 3. Motor End Plate |
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What do you need in order for muscle contraction to occur?
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calcium
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We can use Acetyl choline inhibitors as what?
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muscle relaxer
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What are the four phases for muscle contraction?
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1. Excitation
2. Coupling 3. Contraction 4. Relaxation |
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What happens in Coupling?
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1. AP wave spreads in all direction
-continues down T-tubules 2. AP signals opening of Ca2+ channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Ca2+ binds to troponin 4. Troponin moves tropomyosin out of way |
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What happens in Contraction?
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1. Myosin binds to actin
2. Power-stroke -ADP + Pi move off (ATP) 3. ATP binds to detach head 4. ATP hydrolysis -ATP ➙ ADP + Pi “Re-Cocks” Myosin head |
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Myosin binds to actin is also known as?
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cross bridge
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What happens in relaxation?
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1. ACh release stops
2. ACh dissociates from receptor -AChE breaks it down 3. SR actively pumps excess Ca2+ back in -Calsequestrin sequesters(putting it away so it doesn’t bind) 4. Ca2+ dissociates from troponin 5. Tropomyosin moves back to block myosin from binding |
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What is Curare?
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-Binds to Acetyl choline
-Non-depolarizing muscle relaxant -competes with ACh for Ach receptors -used as an anesthesia |
