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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plasma membrane |
•Sheet-likestructures of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteinsthat surround the cell |
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how does cholesterol influence membrane permeability? |
the higher the cholesterol content,the lower the permeability |
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Cytoplasmic matrix |
•Systemof filaments or fibers (cytoskeleton) provides:–Structural support to define shape–Framework for positioning of organelles (e.g., microvilli inintestinal cells)–Network to direct the movement ofmaterials and organelles within the cells–Pathway for intercellular communication–Possible transfer of RNA and DNA |
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Organelle that produces ATP & uses oxygen |
mitochondrion |
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mitochondrial DNA is only passed between... |
females (maternal) |
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mitochondrial matrix is the site of... |
the citric acid cycle (TCA) & fatty acid oxidation
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mutations in mitochondrial genes result in serious disease often involving myopathy (muscle pathology), disease examples... |
-cytochrome c oxidase deficiency -leigh syndrome -kearns-sayre syndrome |
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the largest organelle of the cell is the... |
nucleus |
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what do the segments of genes do, called introns and exons? |
introns: sequences of nucleic acids exons: no gene processing occurs here |
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what are the names of the nucleic acids used to compose DNA? |
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine |
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what are the names of the nucleic acids used to compose RNA? |
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil |
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP's) may lead to what disease? |
sickle cell anemia may also alter vitamin D receptor gene |
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Translation occurs within which part of the cell? |
Translation occurs within the cell outside of the nucleus |
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the rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum) is responsible for... |
protein synthesis |
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the smooth ER ( endoplasmic reticulum) is responsible for... |
lipid synthesis |
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the rough ER in the liver cells is a system of enzymes that metabolize many drugs, the name of the enzyme is... |
cytochrome p450 |
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how does grapefruit interact with cytochrome p450? |
grapefruit blocks activity of cytochrome p450 resulting in decreasing drug metabolism and subsequent drug toxicity |
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lysosomes and peroxisomes are... |
enzyme-filled organelles |
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lysosomes serve as the cells... |
digestive system |
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peroxisomes are the site of... |
oxidative catabolic reactions |
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what is Apoptosis? |
programmed cell death -normal process -stimulated both intracellularly and extracellularly |
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Failure of Apoptosis resulting in the continued growth of damaged cells can be the basis of... |
cancers |
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nutrigenetics (def) |
–Detecting gene variants within anindividual |
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nutrigenomics (def) |
–Identifying environmental factorsthat affect gene expression –Identifying which genes respond towhich environmental factors |
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nutritional epigenetics (def) |
–Study of changes in gene expressionthat do not involve changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
