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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Tympanic Membrane?
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Ear Drum
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What part of ear captures sound and helps determine an object's location?
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Pinna
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What is the ear's actual hearing mechanism?
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cochlea
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What are the three bones that act as a mechanical lever called?
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ossicles
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What part of the ear explains why we are sensitive to mid-range frequencies?
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ear canal
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How does aural reflex work?
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It cause the muscles to tighten reducing the movement of the ossicles
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What is the purpose of the aural reflex?
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To prevent hearing damage or damage to the cochlea
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What is the function of the cilia?
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Sound receptory/analyzers
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Which listening mode explains our ability to understand conversation?
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Semantic listening
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Which listening mode helps us understand the source of sound?
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casual listening
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Which listening mode allows us to understand the meaning or context of sound?
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Referential Listening
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Which listening mode provides a fundamental overview of the sound?
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Reduced Listening
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What does the Equal Loudness Curve Illustrate?
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Ear sensitivity to frequencies or to various frequencies.
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What frequency range are humans most sensitive to?
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mid-range frequency 2KHz-4KHz
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What effect most effectively reproduces sounds heard in a large room?
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Echo
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Which effect most effectively reproduces sounds heard in a small room?
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Reverb
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Which Psychoacoustic principles descibes why every instrument sounds unique?
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Timbre
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What does the Psychoacoustic principle "temporal delay" refer to?
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Directionality meaning sounds arrive at each air slightly delayed.
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What is "sound shadow"?
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A creation for different Timbre for each ear.
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When listening to music, loud frequencies may "cover up" softer sounds. Which psychoacoustic prinples does this best describe?
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Frequency Masking
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Which gestalt principle explains how we are able to distinguish the melody line from the drum beat in a song?
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Figure and Ground
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Our minds associate sounds with objects. What Psychacoustic princple describes this?
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Belongingness
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What is a beat frequency?
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Two different tones that are slightly out of tune create a phantom 3rd tone.
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What is the cocktail Party Effect?
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Using temporal delay & line of sight.
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Drummer often experience a phenomenon in which their heart rates begin to match the tempo of the drum beat they are playing. Which Psychoacoutsic princple explains why this may occur?
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Entrainment
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Which gestalt principle explains how we are able to distinguish the melody line from the drum beat in a song?
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Figure and Ground
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Our minds associate sounds with objects. What Psychacoustic princple describes this?
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Belongingness
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What is a beat frequency?
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Two different tones that are slightly out of tune create a phantom 3rd tone.
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What is the cocktail Party Effect?
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Using temporal delay & line of sight.
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Drummer often experience a phenomenon in which their heart rates begin to match the tempo of the drum beat they are playing. Which Psychoacoutsic princple explains why this may occur?
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Entrainment
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Which gestalt principle explains how we are able to distinguish the melody line from the drum beat in a song?
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Figure and Ground
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Our minds associate sounds with objects. What Psychacoustic princple describes this?
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Belongingness
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What is a beat frequency?
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Two different tones that are slightly out of tune create a phantom 3rd tone.
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What is the cocktail Party Effect?
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Using temporal delay & line of sight.
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Drummer often experience a phenomenon in which their heart rates begin to match the tempo of the drum beat they are playing. Which Psychoacoutsic princple explains why this may occur?
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Entrainment
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Which category of musical instruments involves striking, plucking, or strumming strings?
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Chordophones
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How do Idiophones make sound?
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Vibration
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Which category of musical instruments invovles beating, slapping, hitting and stretching animal skin or synthetic membrane?
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Membranophones
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How do electrophones produce sound?
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With electric/amplification
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What produces the sound in an aerophone?
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Vibrating column of air
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Trombone
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Aerophones
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Membranophones
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Tabla
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Rhodes
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Electrophones
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Viola
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Chordophones
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Cymbal
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Idiophones
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Djembe
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Membranophones
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Basson
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Aerophones
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Tuba
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Aerophones
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Piano
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Chordophones
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Double Bass
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Electrophones
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Marimba
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Idiophones
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Clavinet
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Electrophones
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French Horn
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Aerophones
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Wurlitzer
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Electrophones
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The theremin utlilizes a concept called heterodyning in order to create sound. What is heterodying?
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Beat frequency created
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Djembe
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Membranophones
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Basson
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Aerophones
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Tuba
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Aerophones
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Piano
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Chordophones
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Double Bass
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Electrophones
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Marimba
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Idiophones
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Clavinet
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Electrophones
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French Horn
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Aerophones
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Wurlitzer
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Electrophones
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The theremin utlilizes a concept called heterodyning in order to create sound. What is heterodying?
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Beat frequency created
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What type of synthersizer allows the user to physically patch multiple components together in unlimited combinations in order to create unique sounds?
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Modular
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Early synthesizers were monophonic. How many notes could monophonic synthesizer play at one time?
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One note at a time. Plays multiple notes but only sounds one.
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How does a synthesizer work?
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Artificially creates Harmonic contents of real sounds. It produces various tones which are then amplified.
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What is a "Harmonic Series"?
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Mathematical relationship between fundamentals and harmonics.
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The timbre of an instrument is determined by its fundamental frequency and its ___________?
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Harmonics
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According to the harmonics series, an object's fundamental frequency will be _____ if the 5th harmonic is 500 Hz.
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10x
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Which of the synthesizer components is the tone generator?
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Oscilators
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What are the basic analog synthesizer waveforms?
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Sine wave; Square wave; triangle wave; sawtooth wave
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Which of the synthesizer components is used to remove harmonics from a sound?
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filter
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What is the purpose of the resonance control on a filter?
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To provide more presence
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What is the function of an Envelope Generator?
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Component effecting sound over-time.
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What is an LFO?
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LFO is an oscilator that may be employed to vary the volume of sound over time.
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How do you determine the frequency of a sine wave ?
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By how many cycles it has.
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How do you determine the actual sample rate illustrated in an example?
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By counting how many dots or snapshots are on the diagram.
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How do you determine the quantization value of the third sample?
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By finding the values placement then rounding down.
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how do you determine the complete bitstream in an example?
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By listing the bitstream in the order of there value.
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What concept determines the highest frequency that we can accurately digitize?
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Nyquist theory
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Nyquist theory:
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Sample rate has to be equal to or greater than 2x the highest frequency recorded.
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What is the quantization value used to describe?
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Its binary value which represents an audio signal @ a given point in time.
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What does a digital audio file's sample rate refer to?
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How many sample or snapshots are taken of a waveform.
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What is a quantization error?
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The difference between the analog signal & digitized value; this is where amplitude values are not exact.
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According to the Nyquist theory, what sample rate is needed to accurately record a frequency of 96 kHz?
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48
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Accordng to the Nyqusit theory, what sample rate is needed to accurately record a frequency of 96 kHz?
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192
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How many distinct values can a 16-bit recording represent?
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65.536
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What is the resolution of a Red Book Audio CD?
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44.1 kHz
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What is the bit depth of a DVD-Audio disc?
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24 bits
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What is Aliasing?
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Violation of the Nyquist Theory
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High end DAWS use additional DSP cards to handle heavy processor functions such as effects. Which DAW system does this descibe ?
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PRO Tools
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Which DAW system utilizes a computer's own processing power in order to process digital effects?
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Cubase
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Many long discontinued synthesizers are being reborn as software emulations for desktop and laptop computers. What are these synths called?
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Virtual Instruments
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According to lecture, Cubase SX is an example of which type of DAW?
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Host Based
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Digidesign Pro Tools HD is an example of which type of DAW?
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Hardware Based
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What is the 3rd party plug-in?
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Plug-in made by another company/manufacturer/ oustide programmers.
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What is the basic Plug-in format used by DAWs?
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VST (cubase); Audio Units (Mac); RTAS (Pro tools LE & Pro tools); Direct X (PC); HD-TDM (Pro Tools HD only)
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What is the function of an Envelope Generator?
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Component effecting sound over-time.
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What is an LFO?
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LFO is an oscilator that may be employed to vary the volume of sound over time.
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How do you determine the frequency of a sine wave ?
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By how many cycles it has.
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How do you determine the minimum sample rate needed to accurately digitize an example?
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taking the cycles value or the frequency and doubling it.
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How do you determine the actual sample rate illustrated in an example?
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By counting how many dots or snapshots are on the diagram.
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How do you determine the word length of each of an example?
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There can only be two possibilites. Either 1 or 0; on or off.
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How do you determine the quantization value of the third sample?
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By finding the values placement then rounding down.
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how do you determine the complete bitstream in an example?
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By listing the bitstream in the order of there value.
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What concept determines the highest frequency that we can accurately digitize?
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Nyquist theory
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Nyquist theory:
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Sample rate has to be equal to or greater than 2x the highest frequency recorded.
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