Ch. 9 Working For Reform

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Second Great Awakening

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Started as early as the 1790's, this was a renewed and passionate religion

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Revivals

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Participants in large religious gatherings.

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Denominations

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Religious groups.

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Richard Allen

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Founded one of the first African-American churches in North America.

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Utopias

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Communities designed to create a perfect society.

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Ann Lee

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Known as Mother Ann, she claimed to be the Messiah who came to find a society free from sin.

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Shakers

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The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing. They were called shakers because they would shake their bodies during worship.

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Mormons

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Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. They undertook one of the most enduring utopian ventures. Founded by Joseph Smith.

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Brigham Young

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Under his leadership, thousands of Smith's followers across the Rocky Mountains.

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Transcendentalism

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Belief that people can rise above material things in life to reach a higher level of understanding.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

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One of the writers who led the transcendentalism movement.

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Henry David Thoreau

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One of the writers who led the transcendentalism movement.

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Lyman Beecher

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Preached extensively about the effects of alcohol.

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Temperance Movement

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Reformers organized this to persuade others to limit alcohol consumption.

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Prohibition

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The complete ban of on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of alcohol.

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Catharine Beecher

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Supported increased educational opportunities for women.

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Emma Willard

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Founded the Troy Female Seminary, the first college-level school for women.

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Mary Lyon

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Founded Mount Holyoke Seminary, another women's college.

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Horace Mann

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United local school districts into a state system, raised teacher's salaries, and persuaded the legislature to increase spending on local schools.

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Dorthea Dix

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One of the most effective female reformers, she helped the mentally ill.

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Rehabilitation

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Treatment to restore mentally-ill people to a useful and productive place in society.

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Penitentiary

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An institution that reformers hoped that its isolated and structured environment would rid the country of crime.

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American Colonization Society

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Made a plan to send freed African-Americans to Africa to found new settlements.

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David Walker

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A free African-American businessman from Boston, who published the Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.

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William Lloyd Garrison

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A white New England journalist whose impatience spurred to take action.

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Liberator

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An abolitionist newspaper by Garrison.

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American Anti-Slavery Society

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The first national anti-slavery organization, devoted to immediate abolition and racial equality.

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Frederick Douglass

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A fugitive slave who prominently spoke out publicly against slavery.

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Sojourner Truth

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Another former slave who worked tirelessly for the American Anti-Slavery Society.

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Sarah Grimke

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Her and her sister were two of the most effective antislavery activists.

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Angelina Grimke

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Her and her sister were two of the most effective antislavery activists.

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Theodore Weld

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Wrote and published American Slavery As It Is, one of the most influential antislavery documents of the period.

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Elijah Lovejoy

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Abolitionist editor who was murdered in 1837 as he tried to prevent a mob from destroying his printing press.

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Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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Abolitionist who, with Lucretia Mott, took lead in organizing efforts to address slavey issues.

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Lucretia Mott

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Abolitionist who, with Elizabeth Stanton, took lead in organizing efforts to address slavey issues.

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Seneca Falls Convention

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A successful convention for women's rights .

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Declaration of Sentiments

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Modeled on the democratic ideals set forth in the Declaration of Independence.

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Susan B. Anthony

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Made particularly significant contributions to the success of women's rights.

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Lucy Stone.

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Made particularly significant contributions to the success of women's rights.

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Married Women's Property Act

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Permitted married women to own property.

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Unitarian

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Member of a religious reform movement that originally rose among New England Protestants in the late 1700's.