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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic acid; DNA makes RNA makes proteins |
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Gene Expression |
the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product |
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mRNA |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome |
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tRNA |
Most of the tRNAs function as carriers of amino acids and participate in protein synthesis. |
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Genetic Code |
the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material |
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Codon |
sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis |
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Anticodon |
Each tRNA contains a specific anticodon triplet sequence that can base-pair to one or more codons for an amino acid |
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Transcription |
first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase |
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RNA Polymerase |
An enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA |
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RNA Processing |
. |
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Intron |
Any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing while the final mature RNA product of a gene is being generated |
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Exon |
Any nucleotide sequence encoded by a gene that remains present within the final mature RNA product of that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing |
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Splicing |
Joining |
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tRNA Charging |
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Translation |
process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins |
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Tertiary Structure |
final specific geometric shape that a protein assumes |
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Translational Error |
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Frame Shift Mutation |
a geneticmutation caused by indels of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three |
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Translational Frame Shift |
An alternate process of protein translation |
