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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cells that secrete similar substances (i.e. hormones) are collected together to form...?
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glands
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secretory cells
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synthesize glandular secretions
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endocrine secretions
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released into bloodstream and act on distant target tissues
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exocrine secretions
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released onto the body surface (includes internal such as intestinal wall lining.)
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cells also secrete signaling substances used for intercellular communication
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autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, exocrine
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autocrine
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affect the secreting cell itself.
EX: autoinhibition of norepinephrine release from adrenergic neurons by norepinephrine itself. |
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paracrine
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affect neighboring cells
EX: localized vasodilation induced by hisamine released from mast cells in the area of tissue damage. |
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pheremones
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exocrine secretions that are produced by one animal to communicate with another and can initiate a range of physiological responses.
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chromaffin cells-- adrenal medulla
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chromogranin= polymer
catecholamines = sheilding cation that keeps polymers in the condensed phase in vesicles |
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mast cells
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heparin= polymer
histamine= sheilding cation that keeps polymers in condensed phase in vesicles. |
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does the expansion of a polymer gel increase in conductance through a pore?
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no. increase in conductance through a pore is independent of this
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apocrine secretion
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apical portion of the cell, which contains the secretory material, is sloughed off and the cell then reseals at its apex.
>> EX: occurs in some molluscan exocrine glands and in certain sweat glands in hairy regions of the human body |
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merocrine secretion
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apical portion of the cell pinches off, and this portion containing secretory products breaks open in the lumen of the gland.
>> EX: characteristic of digestive glands in mammals and the exocrine glands of arthropods and annelids |
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holocrine secretion
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entire cell is cast off and breaks up to release its contents
>> EX: process occurs in some insect and molluscan exocrine tissues and is characteristic of mammalian sebaceous (oil) skin glands |
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acetylcholine
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released from: sympathetic neurons
stimulates: chromaffin tissue of adrenal medulla to secrete catecholamines. |
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neurosecretory cells
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stimulation of these evokes action potentials that travel to axon terminals and there elicit release of neurohormones
>> rate of secretion increases w/ frequency of impuses |
