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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define thinking |
mental manipulation of internal representation of objects |
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difference in basic concept and prottypes propositions and cognitive schemas |
basic concept is not too vague or specific prototype is a representation cognitive schema- generalized image of
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mental image |
visual rep |
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how to study mental images |
how long it takes for image to rotate in imagination how long it takes to look at next picture how long it takes to look at details in an image
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what is proposition |
unit of concept
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subconscious thinking example |
driving car, brushing teeth need attention at first
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nonconscious thinking |
two steps, first creating non conscious thought conscious - now u retrieved information |
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implicit learning
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learning something that you cant explain |
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mindlessness is |
oblivious to answering |
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example of mindlessness |
can i use photocopier to copy |
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formal reasoning |
arithemtic means deductive inductive
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informal reasoning uses |
heuristics(general rule of thumb for solving it)
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dialectical reasoning is |
from many points of views |
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what is reflective judgement |
observe, provide answer , accept if unsure |
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prereflective quasi last two |
beliefs- god unsure. 3 stages last- asks about observations comes up with possiility
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cognitive biases |
confirmation bias- hindsight bias availbility heuristic- how probably will this occur bias due to mental sets, figuring it out with a set avoiding losses |
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define memory |
permanent change to behavior |
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function of memory |
stores information and enables us to retrieve it |
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why is memory reconstructive ? |
remember complex information better if its broken down to simpler terms |
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flashbulb memory |
traumatic events that occur not accurate 9/11
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source amnesia |
unable to tell whether it was real or imagination |
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confabulation |
when you hear this so often you think its your memory |
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conditions of confabulation in which it will probably occur |
detail of the image how easy it is to reproduce memory emotional responses thought of it many times
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reliability of eyewitness |
not that reliable. can be due to the way a question is asked |
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factors that can alter accuracy of eyewitness recollections |
presuppositions |
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method of memorizing |
encode- store recall retrieve
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implicit vs explicit memory |
implicit- unconsciously knowing explicit - knowing through readi |
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examples of impl and expl |
implicit- priming explicit- learning this
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what are the ways of learning implicit memory |
priming relearning method
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when can the relearning method be explicit |
when they know they are learning it |
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models of memory |
sensory memory short term long term |
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how long short term
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30 seconds |
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when information is stored how is it organized? |
concepts, cognitive schemas, images
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working memory located in? |
short term mem |
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parallel distributing process of memory |
works like neuron in brain, everything interconnected |
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role of sensory memory |
visual half a second, auditoyry 2 seoncd high detailed information |
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pattern recognitiion |
know what it is because its stored in long term |
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long term memory |
groups information by semantic grouping
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declarative memory |
in long term memory- states a fact |
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episodic memory |
through experience |
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serial position effect is |
list youll remember first and last more than middle |
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how do neurons fire when you store long term |
hippocampus sends signal that increases strenght of synapse known as long term potentiation |
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consolidation phase of memory is |
stabilization period can be affected with trauam
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which part of brain encodes pictures and words |
prefrontal cortex |
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which play role in memory |
hippocampus and cerebral cortex |
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effects of hormones? |
epinephrine |
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basis of rehearsal |
people favor speech! |
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types of rehearsal |
maintenance elaborative deep- relating it to something |
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what are ways to rememeber |
structural just the word elaborative- functions of hypothalmus deep process- hypothalamus beneath this mnemonics |
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why do we forget |
Decay interferece cue dependent repressed replaced |
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retroactive vs proactive |
retro the thing that is affected is in the past
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state dependent memory |
be drunk when u study drunk |
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psychgenic amnesia |
freud says forget because its emabarassing |
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biological and cognitive approach to childhood amnesia |
brain isnt old enough for information to store - no mental image of himself cannot encode child has a routine thinking doesnt work til language
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define emotion |
behavior developed by human fas a need
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components of emotion |
physiological- face cultural- how its expressed cognitive- perception |
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theory of emotion |
adaptation fear- angry- more noticable |
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basic emotions are |
happy sad, fear, disgust, contemt , jealousy, surprise |
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evolutionary theory for facial expression |
send warnings
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facial feeding |
smile before you smile- |
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mood contagion |
depressed guy will make me depressed |
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emotional expression why people will disagree |
people will lie familiarity cultures differ in contecxt expression may mean different things people don usually show
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which strucutres evaluates fear |
amyglada |
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damage to amygdala = |
cannot process fear |
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damage to prefrontal cortex |
cannot put fear aside |
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prefrontal left side is mainly |
happy appraoch |
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hormones involved in emotion |
adrenal hormones- sense of excitement |
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what are ways to tell if someone lying |
polygraph voice recognitiion- can be false is all those basic princples of telling lie is false eyes, fidgeting, facial expression. |
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stoic researchers |
emotions isnt what occurs because of event its how about hte explanation |
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two factor theory of emotion |
cognitive and physiological. how you interpret situation and heart rate
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actingg out an emotion that we do not really eel and example |
emotion work funeral |
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displayy rules
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how each culture sould act
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5 factors that influence men and woman's abiltiy to read emotional signals |
gender relationship how expressive dominant stereotypes
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primary vs secondary emotions |
universal vs cultural
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definte motivation |
move towards a goal or away |
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difference between pshyiological needs and pscyhological needs |
physiological- food but people resist it such as famines |
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intrinsic motivation vs extrinsic |
intrinsic - self extrinsic- reward
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set point theory explains |
if you fat you always fat |
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cultural and environmental influences on obesity |
fast food laziness contrllers cheap food portions are big
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research on eating disorder |
people want to look like this on tv |
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two types of eating disorders are |
nervosa anoerxia- no eats bulima- binge |
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need for affilliation |
humans need comfort |
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biological explaination for passionate love |
at birth, mom showed love , endoprhines we set off
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passionate vs companiate |
passion- emotional drive- sexual desire copaniate- trust |
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two predictors of whom we love |
proximity- we choose where we are similarity- beleifs
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sternberg's triangle love theory |
passion committment intimate |
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romantic |
no commit |
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theory of love is(what type of lover you are) |
anxious- parents ok avoidance- hated parents secure- love |
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passion and intimacy is positive or negative correlation |
negative |
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impact of social and economic infleunce on gender in love |
men and woman expresses love diferenltl woman use to amrry for lifestyle pragmatic india they still do that
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motivation factors in rape
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peer pressure, anger, dominance, power |
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sexual motives are.. |
enhancement intimacy sexual approval for self peer pressure coping |
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discuss explanation to sexual behaviors |
prenatal exposure toe androgen boys with genetic markers |
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need for achievement |
tested with thematic apperception test peson who wants to succed projective test, taps into unconscious, make up story test on symoblic strenght
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research on achievement and goal setting |
specific goal, thats achievable, for yourself |
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performance vs mastering goals |
performance- to make someone happy masterin-- to learn for yourself
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difference in masering and performing goals in youth and athelte |
sometimes praise can cause chid to be overwhelemd and when they stop doing well, they give up which is why kids who are mastering will succedd atheltes do both
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set fulfilling prophecy |
if u thin youll do bad youll do bad |
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influence of workign conditions on productivity |
work is meaninful task varied clear rules supportive relationship useful feedback social support advance/opportunity |
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motivation conflicts are
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approac avoid
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maslow heirarchy of neesd
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bottom - basic surival shelter social needs slef respect self actualizaiotn
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