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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Classes of Cephalosporins: General Overview
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Resistance to beta lactamases increases with generation =
-Better gram NEGATIVE coverage worse gram POSITIVE coverage (are cousins of PNC) |
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Classes of Cephalosporins:
First generation are? |
Cefazolin [Ancef]
*more susceptible to beta lactamases* * WEAK gram (–) coverage,& STRONG gram (+) coverage* (are cousins of PNC) |
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Classes of Cephalosporins:
Second generation are? |
CefaCLOR [CeCLOR]
(are cousins of PNC) |
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Classes of Cephalosporins:
Third generation are? |
CefoperaZONE [CefoBID]
(are cousins of PNC) |
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Classes of Cephalosporins:
4th Generation are? |
CefePIME[MaxiPIME]
*strong gram –coverage* |
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Vancomycin [Lyphocin]
[ACTION] [USES] |
*NOT a penacillin or beta-lactam***
Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking glycopeptide polymerization through binding to D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursor Binds to and stops cell wall production** Uses: SEVERE infections Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA or Staph epidermidis Oral formula poorly absorbed*not absorbed if taken orally* -high levels in feces Excellent against C.difficile |
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Vancomycin [Lyphocin] *NOT a penacillin or beta-lactam***
[AV] |
Adverse effects:
-Nephrotoxicity: concentration dependent *not common* -Ototoxicity: concentration dependent = interferes w/ hearing, & balance*monitor for this** -Red Man Syndrome: infusion rate dependent **NOT an allergic rxn, it’s a SIDE EFFECT!!!*IF infused too fast= red man syndrome, so must increase volume & SLOW rate to prevent red man synd.* *w/ vancomycin u will be asked to pull a trough (blood level just before giving nxt dose) *want trough b/w 10-20 mcg/ml* *Toxic when trough level is b/w 30-50 *DO NOT pull trough out of the same arm that drug is infused in b/c= false reading** |
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Cephalosporins *
*[work very very well **] [Overview] [AV] |
Most widely used group of antibiotics, they are:
-Beta-lactam antibiotics -Similar to penicillin structure -Bactericidal -Usually given parenterally Adverse effects Allergy Bleeding Thrombophlebitis *6-10% of patients allergic to pnc will develop a cross-over allergy to cephalosporin* -Find out how SEVERE PNC allergy is, if MILD give cephalosporin* |
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Carbapenems
**GREAT drugs [Overview] [Types] |
Virtual complete resistance to beta lactamases
-Beta-lactam antibiotics have an extremely broad antimicrobial spectrum with low toxicity. -RAMBOCILLIN *not real* -Imipenem* -Meropenem* -Ertapenem* -Aztreonam *These 3 are highly active & have very low resistance* |
