Ch 8 Terms

Front 1

central nervous system

Back 1

brain and spinal cord

Front 2

brain

Back 2

portion of the central nervous system contained within the cranium

Front 3

cerebrum

Back 3

largest portion of the brain; divided into right and left halves, known as cerebral hemispheres, that are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum; lobes of the cerebrum are named after the skull bones they underlie

Front 4

frontal lobe

Back 4

anterior section of each cerebral hemisphere responsible for voluntary muscle movements and personality

Front 5

perietal lobe

Back 5

portion posterior to the frontal lobe, responsible for sensations such as pain, temp, and touch

Front 6

temporal lobe

Back 6

portion that lies below the frontal lobe, responsible for hearing, taste, and smell

Front 7

occipital lobe

Back 7

portion posterior to the parietal and temporal lobes, responsible for vision

Front 8

cerebral cortex

Back 8

outer layer of the cerebrum consisting of gray matter, responsible for higher mental functions (cortex = bark)

Front 9

thalamus (diencephalon)

Back 9

each of two gray matter nuclei deep within brain responsible from relaying sensory info to the cortex

Front 10

gyri

Back 10

convolutions (mounds) of the cerebral hemispheres

Front 11

sulci

Back 11

shallow grooves that separate gyri

Front 12

fissures

Back 12

deep grooves in the brain

Front 13

cerebellum

Back 13

portion of the brain located below the occipital lobes of the cerebrum, responsible for control and coordination of skeletal muscles

Front 14

brainstem

Back 14

region of brain that serves as a relay btwn cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord; responsible for breathing, heart rate, and body temp; 3 levels are the mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, and medulla oblongata

Front 15

ventricles

Back 15

series of interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Front 16

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 16

plasmalike lcear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord

Front 17

spinal cord

Back 17

solumn of nervous tissue from the brainstem thru the vertebrae, responsible for nerve conduction to and from the brain and the body

Front 18

meninges

Back 18

three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord consisting of the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater

Front 19

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Back 19

nerves that branch from the central nervous system, inclu nervs of the brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves)

Front 20

cranial nerves

Back 20

12 pairs of nerves arising from the brain

Front 21

spinal nerves

Back 21

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

Front 22

sensory nerves

Back 22

nerves that conduct impluses from body parts and carry sensory info to the brain; aka afferent nerves

Front 23

motor nerves

Back 23

nerves that conduct motor impulses from the brain to muscles and glands; also called efferent nerves

Front 24

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Back 24

nerves that carry involuntary impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and various glands

Front 25

hypothalamus

Back 25

control center from the autonomic nervous sytem located below the thalamus (diencephalon)

Front 26

sympthetic nervous system

Back 26

division of the ANS concerned primarily with preparing the body in stressful or emergency situations

Front 27

paraysympathetic nervous system

Back 27

division of the ANS that is most active in ordinary conditions; it counterbalances the effects of the sympathetic system by restoring the body to a restful state after a stressful experience

Front 28

aphasia

Back 28

inability to speak

Front 29

dysphasia

Back 29

difficulty speaking

Front 30

coma

Back 30

a deep sleep; a general term referring to levels of decreased consciousness with varying responsiveness; a common method of assessment is the Glasgow coma scale