Ch 8 Science Test

Front 1

What are differences between metals and nonmetals?

Back 1

1)don't have much luster
2) poor conductors of heat and electricity
3) dull
4) brittle
5) neither malleable nor ductile
6) are mostly gas.

Front 2

Nonmetals have many _________________ in their highest electron energy level. These electrons are _________________.

Back 2

. many valence electrons
. held together by the nucleus

Front 3

Nonmetals tend to form ___________-charged ions.

Back 3

negatively

Front 4

Metalloids

Back 4

.Have properties of metals and nonmetals
. most are shiney solids (not as shiney as metals)
. will conduct heat and electricity, but not as well as metal

Front 5

Boron Group

Back 5

. Boron is the only nonmetal in group 13
. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust

Front 6

Carbon Group

Back 6

. Carbon is the only nonmetal in group 14
. Carbon can form unlimited #s of compounds
. Silicon makes up 60% of rocks and soil

Front 7

Nitrogen Group

Back 7

. 80% of the air is Nitrogen
. Nitrogen is essential for life = creates protiens
. Phophorus is very reactive=cut=ignite

Front 8

Oxygen Group

Back 8

. Oxygen it the most important element on Earth and the most abundant
. 60% human mass
. 50% Earth's crust

Front 9

Halogens

Back 9

. salt formers
. are found in most foods
. NaCl helps nerve impulses
. Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal

Front 10

Noble Gases

Back 10

. inert (unreactice)
. filled outer shell
. all noble gases exist in the atmosphere

Front 11

Hydrogen

Back 11

. is set apart because its properties don't fit with any other single group
. acts like metals and nonmetals, but can form positive and negative ions

Front 12

Proton

Back 12

. positively charged particle located in the nucleus

Front 13

Neutron

Back 13

. neutral particle found in the nucleus

Front 14

Electron

Back 14

. negatively charged particle found in different energy levels in the electron cloud outside of the nucleus

Front 15

Period

Back 15

. a horizontal row on the periodic table
. go up in atomic # and valence electrons from left to right
. increase in size from right to left

Front 16

Group/Family

Back 16

a vertical column on the periodic table
. all have similar properties
. all have same # of valence electrons

Front 17

Matter

Back 17

anything that has mass or takes up space

Front 18

particle model

Back 18

all forms of matter are made up of particles that are in constant motion

Front 19

solid

Back 19

definate shape and volume

Front 20

liquid

Back 20

definate volume and no definate shape

Front 21

gas

Back 21

no definate shape or volume

Front 22

plasma

Back 22

most common phase of matter in the universe found in stars and lightning

Front 23

physical change

Back 23

when matter undergoes a change in size, shape or phase

Front 24

chemical change

Back 24

particles of one substance that has new and different properties after a change

Front 25

atom

Back 25

the most basic units of matter

Front 26

element

Back 26

can't be broken down and retain its properties

Front 27

isotopes

Back 27

atoms of the same element that contain different #s of neutrons

Front 28

compounds

Back 28

a substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined

Front 29

molecule

Back 29

a particle of matter made up of 2 or more atoms held together by the sharing of electrons

Front 30

ion

Back 30

a charged particle formed when an atom or a group of atoms gains or loses one or more electrons

Front 31

homogeneous mixture

Back 31

all parts contain the same amount of each component

Front 32

heterogeneous mixture

Back 32

all parts don't contain the same amount of each component

Front 33

periodic

Back 33

a regular repeating pattern

Front 34

luster

Back 34

reflecting light

Front 35

malleability

Back 35

the ability to be shaped, flattened and bent without breaking

Front 36

ductile

Back 36

the ability to be pulled into wire

Front 37

ore

Back 37

minerals containing relatively large amounts of metal compounds

Front 38

Metals

Back 38

1) have luster
2) conducts electricity and heat
3) are malleable and ductile
4) are mostly solids

Front 39

atomic mass

Back 39

. # of total protons and neutrons
. subtract # of protons (atomic #) from atomic mass to get # of neutrons

Front 40

conductor vs. insulator

Back 40

. conductor is dense: conducts heat and allows a flow of electrons: conducts electricity
. insulator cannot conduct heat because it's not dense and cannot conduct electricity because it doesn't allow a flow of electrons

Front 41

Mendeleev

Back 41

created the 1st periodic table of elements and organized the elements by atomic mass

Front 42

Moseley

Back 42

improved Mendeleev's periodic table by organizing elements by atomic #

Front 43

What's so special about:
Hg
Fe
Co
Ni
Cs
W

Back 43

Hg - Mercury - liquid at room temperature
Fe/Co/Ni - Iron/Cobalt/Nickel - magnetic
Cs - Cesium - low melting point
W - Tungsten - high melting point

Front 44

Why does a metallic bond give most metals the special properties of malleability, luster, ductility, good conductors, etc...

Back 44

Becuase they share many electrons

Front 45

alloy

Back 45

mixed metal with other metals or nonmetals