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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Middle Class
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Included prosperous artisans, farmers, lawyers, ministers, shopkeepers, and their families.
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Francis Cabot Lowell
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With others introduced a new way of manufacturing goods.
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Factory System
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System of manufacturing.
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Lowell girls
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Single women who lived in company-owned boardinghouses where older women acted as chaperones. They were paid less because they were presumed not to be the primary support for their families.
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John Deere
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Designed a light, but strong steel plow.
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Cyrus McCormick
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Developed a mechanical reaper that harvested six acres of grain in a day on its first trial practice.
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Elias Howe
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Patented a sewing machine for the home in 1846.
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Strike
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The refusal to work until employers meet demands.
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Sarah Bagley
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Lowell girl who urged her co-workers to form a union after mill owners sped up production without raising wages.
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Nativism
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Favoring native-born Americans over the foreign-born.
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Eli Whitney
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Developed a cotton gin.
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Cotton Gin
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Made it easier to separate the seeds from short-staple cotton bolls.
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Tredegar Iron Works
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One of the nations largest and best-equipped ironworks.
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Antebellum
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Pre-Civil War.
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Yeoman farmers
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Made up the majority of southern white society. They lived on fertile lands, but often lacked easy access to markets.
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William Ellison
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Learned to build cotton gins while a slave. He became one of the wealthiest free African Americans in the antebellum South.
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Overseers
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Small farmers, skilled workers, or young relatives who managed the slaves.
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Drivers
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Assistants picked from among the slaves.
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Gang labor
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Allowed overseers to assign groups of slaves to do specialized jobs, such as hoeing, picking, or plowing.
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Spirituals
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Haunting songs that were rich in biblical lore and sorrow. They were sung during relaxation, work, and worship.
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Gabriel Prosser
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Led a rebellion near Richmond, Virginia, involving hundreds of slaves.
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Denmark Vesey
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A prosperous, free African-American carpenter and preacher, who masterminded the plan for the slave rebellion.
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Nat Turner
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Led a violent slave uprising in Southampton County, Virginia.
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Underground Railroad
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A network of white and African-American abolitionists who helped slaves escape to freedom.
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Harriet Tubman
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Was the most famous and successful conductor.
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Know-Nothings
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Nativists who denied their nativism when asked, they said, "I know nothing!"
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