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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where do plants get the energy they need to produce food?
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Light energy from the sun
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AUTOTROPH
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Organisms such as plants, which make their own food
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HETEROTROPH
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Organisms, such as animals, obtain energy from the foods they consume or decomposing other organisms like mushrooms
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ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
(ATP) |
One of the principal chemical compounds that cells use to store and release energy
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What does ATP consist of?
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ADENINE, a 5-carbon sugar called ROBOSE, and three phosphate groups which are the key to ATP's ability to store and release food
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ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE
(ADP) |
A similar compound to ATP except it has only two phosphate groups instead of 3 like ATP...when it stores energy & a 3rd group is added it becomes ATP
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How is energy in ATP
released? |
By breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups
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What are some of the ways cells use energy released?
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Active transport, synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, and responses to chemical signals at the cell surface
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True or False
ATP is a great molecule for transferring energy not storing large amounts for a long time |
TRUE
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True or False
Cells can regenerate ATP from ADP as needed by using the energy in foods like glucose |
TRUE
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Process in which plants use the energy of sunlight to make high-energy carbohydrates
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Examples of high-energy carbohydrates
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Sugars and starches
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What is the waste product of Photosynthesis?
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Oxygen
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What did Jan van Helmont's research find or conclude?
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That trees gain most of their mass from water
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What did Joseph Priestly's research conclude?
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That plants release a substance that can keep a candle burning ... we now know that that substance is oxygen
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What did Ingenhousz conclude with his research?
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That plants need sunlight to produce oxygen
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What did the research of Helmont, Priestly and Ingenhousz lead to?
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Work of other scientists who discovered that in the presence of light, plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and plants also release oxygen
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What is this?
6CO2 + 6H20 -light- C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
Equation for photosynthesis which means
Carbon dioxide + water with light produces sugars + oxygen |
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What do plants use the sugars to produce?
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Complex Carbohydrates such as starches
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Where do plants obtain the carbon dioxide they need for photosynthesis?
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From the air or from the water in which they grow.
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In addition to water and carbon dioxide, what else is required for photosynthesis
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Light and chlorophyll
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Plants gather the sun's energy with light absorbing molecules called _________.
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PIGMENTS
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What is chlorophyll?
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The plants' principal pigment
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What are the two main types of Chlorophyll?
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Chlorophyll a & Chlorophyll b
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Why do plants look green?
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Chlorophyll absorbs light in the blue-violet and red regions of the visible spectrum very well but not the green..it reflects this and makes plants look green
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THYLAKOID
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SACLIKE PHOTOSYNTHETIC MEMBRANES IN CHLOROPLASTS
And are arranged in stacks called Grana |
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PHOTOSYSTEMS
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Proteins in the thylakoid membrane organize chlorophyll and other pigments into photosystems...
Clusters in the thylakoid membrane of chlorophyll and other pigments which collect light |
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STROMA
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The region of the chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes
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NADP
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Electron carrier
It accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons along with a hydrogen ion... It is then NADPH |
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light-dependent reactions
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require energy from light to produce ADP and NADP into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH
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ATP synthase
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a protein that spans the thylakoid membrane and allows H+ ions to pass through it
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Calvin cycle
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Named after Melvin Calvin who worked out the cycle of ATP and NADPH to produce high-energy sugars and is a light INDEPENDENT CYCLE which does NOT require light
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What are the main products of the Calvin cycle?
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sugars, lipids, amino acids and other compounds
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In plants .. where does photosynthesis take place?
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Inside the chloroplasts
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Where do light-dependent reactions take place?
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Within the thylakoid membranes...
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What are the reactants in photosynthesis equation?
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Water, ADP and NADP
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What are the products of the photosynthesis equation
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oxygen gas, ATP and NADPH
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Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
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In the stroma of chloroplasts and does not require light (Light independent)
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What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
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Availability of water, temperature and intensity of light
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