Ch 8 Pathology

Front 1

failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs

Back 1

heart failure (HF)

Front 2

Mass of undissolved matter circulating in the blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel

Back 2

embolus

Front 3

quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions

Back 3

fibrillation

Front 4

arrest of bleeding or circulation

Back 4

hemostasis

Front 5

excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

Back 5

hyperlipidemia

Front 6

common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90mm Hg diastolic

Back 6

hypertension HTN

Front 7

HTN in which there is no identifiable commonly correctable cause

Back 7

primary HTN

Front 8

HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable commonly correctable cause

Back 8

secondary HTN

Front 9

any heart disorder caused by prolonged HTN, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure

Back 9

hypertensive heart disease

Front 10

implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular trachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart

Back 10

implantable cardioverterdefibrillator ICD

Front 11

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

Back 11

infarct

Front 12

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

Back 12

ischemia

Front 13

common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation

Back 13

mitral valve prolapse MVP

Front 14

chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow substance through the body or a structure

Back 14

radioisotope

Front 15

ECG taken with small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hrs of ECG tracings

Back 15

Holter monitor test

Front 16

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

Back 16

stress test (Holter monitor test)

Front 17

ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

Back 17

nuclear (Holter monitor test)

Front 18

Blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase (CK-MB)

Back 18

cardiac enzyme studies

Front 19

series of tests (total cholesteral, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease

Back 19

lipid panel

Front 20

radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injections of a contrast dye

Back 20

angiography

Front 21

angiography to determine the degree of obstruction of the arteries that supply the blood to the heart

Back 21

coronary angiography

Front 22

angiography in which two radiographic images are obtained, the first one without contrast material and the second one after a contrast material has been injected, and then compared by a computer that digitally subtracts the images of soft tissues, bones, and muscles, leaving only the image of vessels with contrast

Back 22

digital subtraction angiography

Front 23

radiological examination of the aorta and its branches following injection of a contrast medium via a catheter

Back 23

aortography

Front 24

noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart

Back 24

echocardiography ECHO

Front 25

noninvasive adaptation of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart

Back 25

Doppler ultrasound

Front 26

noninvasive technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field, rather than x-ray beam , to produce multi-planar cross sectional images of blood vessels

Back 26

magnetic resonance imaging MRI

Front 27

nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves

Back 27

multiple-gated acquisition MUGA

Front 28

imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sounds and murmur during the cardiac cycle

Back 28

phonocardiography

Front 29

diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases

Back 29

scintigraphy

Front 30

scintigraphy procedure that uses injected radioactive thallium and records the uptake of the isotope with a gamma camera to produce an image

Back 30

thallium study (resting)

Front 31

Radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, which indicates obstruction

Back 31

venography

Front 32

injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein

Back 32

sclerotherapy

Front 33

procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest

Back 33

cardioversion

Front 34

technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude the blood vessel

Back 34

embolization

Front 35

procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter

Back 35

angioplasty

Front 36

surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle

Back 36

coronary artery bypass graft CABG

Front 37

dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance

Back 37

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA

Front 38

removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device

Back 38

atherectomy

Front 39

removal and examination of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes

Back 39

biopsy

Front 40

removal and examination of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis, a type of vasculitis

Back 40

arterial biopsy

Front 41

destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume

Back 41

catheter ablation

Front 42

surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their "commissures" (points of touching)

Back 42

commissurotomy

Front 43

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

Back 43

aneurysm

Front 44

condition of bringing to a stop

Back 44

arrest

Front 45

loss of effective cardiac function which results in cessation of circulation

Back 45

cardiac arrest

Front 46

cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation

Back 46

circulatory arrest

Front 47

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm possibly including a rapid or slow beat or skipping a beat; also called dysrhythmia

Back 47

arrhythmia

Front 48

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur

Back 48

bruit

Front 49

any disease or weakening of a heat myo that diminishes cardiac function

Back 49

cardiomyopathy

Front 50

thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure

Back 50

catheter

Front 51

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

Back 51

coarctation

Front 52

blood clot that forms in deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

Back 52

deep vein thrombosis DVT

Front 53

calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with on contraction

Back 53

ejection fraction EF

Front 54

procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins

Back 54

laser ablation

Front 55

tying a varicose vein (ligation) followed by removal (stripping) of the affected segment

Back 55

ligation and stripping

Front 56

surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine

Back 56

open heart surgery

Front 57

puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis

Back 57

pericardiocentesis

Front 58

destruction of a blood clot using anti clotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator

Back 58

thrombolysis

Front 59

incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis

Back 59

valvotomy

Front 60

infusion of a thrombolytic agent into a vessel to dissolve a blood clot

Back 60

intravascular thrombolysis

Front 61

puncture of a vein by a needle attached to a syringe or catheter to withdraw a specimen of blood; also called phlebotomy

Back 61

venipuncture