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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GI
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Gastrointestinal
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GERD
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease
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BM
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Bowel Movement
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Colostomy
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now opening in colon- person cannot get rid of fecal material (stools) through the anus. New hole/opening will be created in colon, fecal material will exit through this into a bag.
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Anastomosis
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If someone is diagnosed with Crohn's disease, medication will be tried, if this doesn't work, the inflamed section of the intestines may have to be surgically cut out. Anastomosis will be used to re-attach the intestines back together.
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Occult blood
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Hidden blood in stools that can't be seen.
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Melena
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dark stools- has blood in them
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Lavage
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cleaning out
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Gavage
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feeding tube
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diverticulosis
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when small, blisterlike pockets (diverticula) develop in the walls of the large intestines, if these become inflamed, it is diverticulitus.
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Cirrhosis
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liver is degenerating/dying
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Crohn's Disease
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Chronic inflammation of intestines-usually ilium
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Ascities
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Accumulation of fluid
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Anorexia
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without appetite
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Hepatitis A
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caused by contaminated water or food (oral intake)
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Hepatitis B
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Caused by contaminated blood (parental-needles) Vaccine available
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Hepatitis C
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Caused by contaminated blood
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Polyp
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growth (usually benign) extending downward from a mucous membrane.
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ileus
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obstruction of the intestines
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adhesion
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abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated (may happen after abdominal surgery
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umbilical hernia
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protrusion of part of the intestine at the navel
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inguinal hernia
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is in the grown where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the theighs
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hiatal hernia
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part of the stomach protrudes through the hole in the diaphragm, which is meant for the esophagus
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hernia
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the protrusion of an organ, tissue, or structure through the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained.
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perforated ulcer
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An untreated ulcer that may eventually lead to a hole; this can result in peritonitis (inflammation of peritoneum- lining of the abdominal cavity)
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Gastric Ulcer-
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ulcer of the stomach, caused by excess acid (treated with antacids); recent research indicates the possibility of bacteria causing the ulcer (treated with antibiotics)
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peptic ulcer
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ulcer of the stomach or duodenum
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ulcer
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is an open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane
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pyrosis
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heartburn, regurgitation of stomach acid upward along the esophagus
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esophageal reflux
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Return of stomach contents into the esophagus
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herpes labialis
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cold sores/fever blisters- blisters/sores caused by the herpes simplex virus that affect the lip and surrounding tissue
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aphthous stomatitis
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canker sores- sores/ulcers on the lining of the mouth
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bruxism
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involuntary grinding of teeth
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common bile duct
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the joining together of the hepatic duct to the cystic duct, to carry the bile to the duodenum.
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Cystic duct
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carries bile from the gallbladder
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Hepatic duct
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carries bile from the liver
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Bile ducts
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passageways that carry bile, when bile is needed for digestion.
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gallbladder
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stores bile
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Pancreas
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Produces pancreatic juice (digestive juice)
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Billirubin
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substance produced from the destruction of the erythrocytes and is released by the liver in bile
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liver
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makes bile
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Large intestine
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elimination of waste
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cecum
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Large intestine part- appendix is attached here
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Colon (divided into) 5
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divided into ascending, traverse, descending, sigmoid colons, and rectum
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Small intestine
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digestion is completed here; the digested products are absorbed into the bloodstream
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duodeneum
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Part of small intestine: Acts as mixing bowl mixes food from stomach, bile from liver and gall bladder, juice from the pancreas
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jejunum
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part of small intestine
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ileum
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most absorption takes place at this part of the small intestine.
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The Gastrointestinal (GI) system, also known as the digestive system and alimentary canal. The 3 functions are:
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Break down food (mechanical and chemical break down), prepare food for absorption, and eliminate waste (feces/stools)
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The GI system is made up of:
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GI Tract- tube extending from the mouth/oral cavity to the anus AND the accessory digestive organs- teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
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bucca
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cheeks
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tongue
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moves food along; speech; and taste
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teeth
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Mastication (chewing)
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Numbers of teeth:
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8 incisors and 4 canines/cuspids for chewing
8 premolars/bicuspids and 12 molars used for chewing and grinding |
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dentition
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Person has their natural teeth
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edentulous
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Person does not have their natural teeth
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gingiva
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gums
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palate
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roof of mouth
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uvula
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soft, fleshy, pinkish, V-shaped tissue.
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Salivary glands
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secretes saliva (moistens the food)
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pharynx
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throat- passageway for air and food, divides two tubes trachea (wind pipe) and esophagus
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esophagus
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leads from the pharynx to the stomach
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cardiac sphincter
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ring of muscle at the end of the esophagus that keeps the stomach contents from going back into the esophagus
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epiglottis
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covers the trachea so food will go through the esophagus to the stomach, rather than the trachea
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Stomach
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mechanically and chemically (hydrochloric acid and enzymes) digest food
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Fundus
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upper part of the stomach
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body
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main part of the stomach
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Antrum
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lower part of the stomach
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Vagotomy
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incision of the 10th cranial nerve (vagus nerve), to reduce the amount of gastric, for treatment prevention of ulcers
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pylorus
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connects the stomach with the small intestines
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pyloric sphincter
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ring of muscle that controls the "food" going from the stomach to the duodenum
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