Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Benthic
|
Bottom
-crab -lobster |
|
|
Pelagic
|
-swim in water colum
-fish, whale, dolphin |
|
|
vertebrate features (4)
|
notochords
-postanal tail -hollow nerve cord -pharyngeal pouches |
|
|
mylomeres
|
muscles that attach to trunk
|
|
|
Agnatna
|
-jawless fish (hagfish)
-lamprey's- travel between fresh water and salt water (parasites) -hagfish (scavengers) |
|
|
hagfish
|
scavengers
|
|
|
anadromous
|
live at sea
-returns to fresh water to spawn (catadramous) -opposite -salmon and bullshark |
|
|
placoderm
|
first jawed fish
-evolved from gill arches (extinct, paired fins, balance and maneuver) -predation -escape |
|
|
Chondrichthyes
|
-sharks
-rays -chimaeras -effective predators -cartilaginous skeletons -no ribs -very flexible |
|
|
Placoid scales (chondrichthyes)
|
-dermal denticles (teeth)
|
|
|
No swim bladder
|
oil filled liver
|
|
|
sharks
|
living fossils
some swim constantly (pump water across gills) |
|
|
Teeth
|
-bone
-rows -constantly replaced |
|
|
clasper
|
-male sex organ
|
|
|
heterocercel tail
|
upper low longer than bottom
|
|
|
acute senses
|
electroreception (ampullae of loronzini)
-dont get cancer -nictitate membranes (eye lids) -carcharodon megalodon -extinct |
|
|
nicitate membrans
|
eye lids
|
|
|
Osteichthyes
|
boney fish
-lobed fishs -fresh water lungfishes |
|
|
Coelacanth
|
extinct 60 million years ago
found off Madagascar |
|
|
Ray Finned Fish
|
swim bladder
fin rays boney skeleton |
|
|
Icthyology
|
Study of Fishes
|
|
|
Anatomy of fishes
|
Mouth
Gill Operculum Scales Tail |
|
|
Caudelfin
|
lobes are equal
|
|
|
Fins
|
-Dorsal
-Caudal |
|
|
Homocoreal
|
top & bottom are same, scales are more circular
|
|
|
Fusiform
|
Streamlined
|
|
|
Laterally Compressed
|
side to side
|
|
|
Derpessed (body shape)
|
top to bottom
|
|
|
eel like body shape
|
shaped like a snake
|
|
|
Chromataphores
|
cell with pigment
change color by stretching |
|
|
Countershading
|
Dark on top/ light on bottom
|
|
|
Warning fish coloration
|
bright colors
poison venom |
|
|
cryptic coloration
|
camouflage
change color |
|
|
disrupting color
|
patterns break up outline of fish
|
|
|
eye spots
|
draw attention away from head
|
|
|
Undulation
|
Snake like movements
|
|
|
surgeons parrots
|
moves
|
|
|
puffers
|
only in caudal fin
|
|
|
supra terminal
|
points up
|
|
|
terminal
|
straight across
|
|
|
sub termianl
|
points down
|
|
|
Intestine (spiral valve)
|
increase surface area in sharks
|
|
|
pyloric caeca
|
digestive enzymes
|
|
|
functions of liver
|
secrets bile & breaks down fat
|
|
|
Circulatory system- heart
|
2 chambered heart
|
|
|
name of arteries in shark
|
capillaries
|
|
|
spiracles
|
pair of openings in front of eyes
water in |
|
|
gill slits
|
5-9
water out |
|
|
Boney fish
|
In mouth, out one gill opening
|
|
|
structure of gills (4)
|
arches
filaments rakers lamella |
|
|
Countercurrent system of flow
|
blood in gills go opposite direction to water
|
|
|
hemoglobin
|
protein on red blood cless that carries O2 & CO2
|
|
|
myoglobin
|
protein that stores O2
makes muscles red more found in active swimmers |
|
|
osmosis
|
diffusion of water across permeable membrane
|
|
|
Osmoregulation
|
control solute concentration
|
|
|
Boney Fish-Secrete Salt
|
kidneys & chloride cells
|
|
|
Cartilaginous fish-Secrete Salt
|
Kidney & rectal gland
|
|
|
Central Nervous System
|
Brain & Spinal Cord
|
|
|
Smell
|
nostrils
-olfactory sacs |
|
|
Taste
|
-barboles - whisker like organs
|
|
|
lateral line
|
vibration in water
|
|
|
neuromasts
|
canals lined with sensory cells
|
|
|
Ampullae of Lorenzinni
|
detect weak electrical field
|
|
|
sound
|
otoliths- change in position
located in fluid filled sacs |
|
|
territories
|
aggressive behavioral
|
|
|
schooling
|
avoid predation
mating prevents drag |
|
|
homing behavior
|
find their way home
|
|
|
reproduction in cart. fish
|
cloaca
|
|
|
bony fish
|
urogenital opening
|
|
|
Types of reproduction (6)
|
-broadcast spawing
nests attached/pouch mouth brooders sex hormones hermaphrodites (self) sequential hermaphrodite (change sexs) |
|
|
Reproduction Behaviors (4)
|
Change color or appearance
Courtship (signs/dancing) Internal fertilization external fertilization (spawning) |
|
|
Reproduction Behavior- Internal fertilization
|
-copulation
-cart fish |
|
|
spawning
|
releasing eggs & sperm into water
|
|
|
oviparous
|
lay eggs (birds/reptiles)
|
|
|
ovoviviparous
|
retain eggs in uterus
|
|
|
viviparous
|
live birth
|
