Ch. 8 Issues Of Sex And Gender

Front 1

What is gender Stratification?

Back 1

refers to unequal access to property, power, and prestige on the basis of sex. Each society establishes a structure that on the basis of sex and gender, opens and closes doors to its privelleges. pg 228

Front 2

How do sex and gender differ?

Back 2

Sex refers to biological distinctions between males and females. It consists of both primary and secondary sex charcterisics. Gender in contrast is what a society considers proper behaviors and attitudes for its male and female members. Sex physically distinguishes males from females; gender defines what is masculine and what is feminine. pg 228

Front 3

why do behaviors of males and females differ?

Back 3

the "nature vs nurture" debate refers to whether differences in behaviors of males and females are caused by inherited (biological)or learned (culture)characteritics. Almost all sociologists take the side of nurture. In recent years, however, sociologists have begun to cautiously open the door to biology. pg 229-233

Front 4

Is gender Stratification universal?

Back 4

George Murdock surveyed information on tribal societies and found that all of them have sex-linked activities and give greater prestige to male activities. Patriarchy, male dominance, appears to be universal. besides work, other areas of discrimination include education, politics, and violence. pg. 233-34

Front 5

How did females become a minority group?

Back 5

The origin of discrimination against females is lost in history, but the primary heory of how females became a minority group in their own societies focuses on the physcal limitations imposed by childbirth. pg 234-240

Front 6

Is the feminist movement new?

Back 6

The first wave of feminists made political demands for change in he eraly 1900's-and were met with hostility an even violence. the second wave began in the 1960s and continues today. A third wave is emerging. pg 240-243

Front 7

What forms of gender discrimination is health care and gender stratification in education take?

Back 7

Phsicians dont take womens health problems as seriously as those of men. Hysterectomies are a special kind of discrimination. In education, mmore women than men attend college. But each selects fields that are feminine or masculine. Women are less likely to complete the doctoral programs in science. Fundmental change is indicated by the growing number of women in law and medicine. pg 243-247

Front 8

Is there gender inequality in everyday life?

Back 8

An indication of gender inequality in everyday life is the devaluation of femininity. The question of male dominance of conversation needs more research. pg 248-253

Front 9

How does gender inequality show up in the workplace?

Back 9

All occupations show a gender gap in pay. For college graduates, the lifetime pay gap runs over a million dollars in favor of men. Sexual harassment also cintinues to be a reality of the workplace. 248-253

Front 10

what is the relationship between gender and violence?

Back 10

Overwhelmingly, the victims of rape and murder are females. female circumcision is a special case of violence against females. conflict theorists point out that men use violence to maintain their power and privillege pg253-256

Front 11

What is the trend in gender inequality in politics?

Back 11

A traditional division of gender roles-woman as child care providers and homemakers men as workers outside the home-used to keep women outside the home-used to keep women out of politics. women continue to be underrepresented in politics, but the trend toward greater political equality is firmly in place. pg 256-257

Front 12

How might changes in gender roles and stereotypes affect our lives?

Back 12

In the US, women are more involved in the decision making process of our social institutions. Men, too, are reexamining their traditional roles. New gender expectations may be developing, ones that allow both males and females to pursue more individual interests pg 257