Ch. 7 Test Notecards

Front 1

Gathering information to monitor changes occurring inside and outside the body

Back 1

Sensory input

Front 2

Changes = _____

Back 2

Stimuli

Front 3

To process and interpret sensory input and decide if action is needed

Back 3

Integration

Front 4

A response to integrated stimuli; the response activities muscles or glands

Back 4

Motor output

Front 5

Brain and spinal cord

Back 5

Central nervous system (CNS)

Front 6

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Back 6

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Front 7

Spinal nerves

Cranial nerves

Back 7

Peripheral nervous system

Front 8

Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system

Back 8

Sensory (afferent) division

Front 9

Nerve fibers that carry impulses

Back 9

Motor (efferent) division

Front 10

Two subdivisions, somatic nervous system, automatic nervous system

Back 10

Motor (efferent) division

Front 11

Somatic nervous system

Back 11

Voluntary

Front 12

Autonomic nervous system

Back 12

Involuntary

Front 13

Support cells in the CNS are grouped together as _______

Back 13

Neuroglia

Front 14

To support, insulate, and protect neurons

Back 14

Support Cells Function

Front 15

Abundant, star shaped cells, brace neurons, form barrier between capillaries and neurons, control the chemical environment of the brain

Back 15

Astrocytes

Front 16

Spiderlike phagocytes

Dispose of debris

Back 16

Microglia

Front 17

Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord

Circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Back 17

Ependymal cells

Front 18

Wrap around nerve fibers in the central nervous system

Produce myelin sheaths

Back 18

Oligodendrocytes

Front 19

Protect neuron cell bodies

Back 19

Satellite cells

Front 20

Form myelin sheath in the PNS

Back 20

Schwann cells

Front 21

Neurons = ______

Back 21

Nerve cells

Front 22

Cells specialized to transmit messages

Back 22

Neurons

Front 23

Major regions of neurons

Back 23

Cell Body

Processes

Front 24

Nucleus and metabolic center of the cell

Back 24

Cell body

Front 25

Fibers that extend from the cell body

Back 25

Processes

Front 26

Specialized rough er

Back 26

Nissl Substance

Front 27

Intermediate cytoskeleton

Maintains cell shape

Back 27

Neurofibrils

Front 28

Cell body

Back 28

Nucleus

Large Nucleolus

Front 29

Processes outside the cell body

Back 29

Dendrites

Axons

Front 30

Conduct impulses toward the cell body

Back 30

Dendrites

Front 31

Conduct impulses away from the body

Back 31

Axons

Front 32

Axons end in __________

Back 32

Axonal terminals

Front 33

Axonal terminals contain vesicles with _________

Back 33

Neurotransmitters

Front 34

Axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a ___

Back 34

Gap

Front 35

Gap between adjacent neurons

Back 35

Synaptic cleft

Front 36

Junction between nerves

Back 36

Synapse

Front 37

Whitish, fatty material covering axons

Back 37

Myelin sheath

Front 38

Produce myelin sheaths in jelly roll-like fashion

Back 38

Schwann cells

Front 39

Gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

Back 39

Nodes of Ranvier

Front 40

Most neuron cell bodies are found in the _____

Back 40

Central Nervous System

Front 41

Cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

Back 41

Gray matter

Front 42

Clusters of cell bodies within the white matter of the central nervous system

Back 42

Nuclei

Front 43

Collections of cell bodies outside the central nervous system

Back 43

Ganglia

Front 44

Carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the CNS

Back 44

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Front 45

Detect stretch or tension

Back 45

Proprioceptors

Front 46

Cutaneous sense organs

Proprioceptors

Back 46

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Front 47

Carry impulses from the central nervous system to viscera, muscles, or glands

Back 47

Motor (efferent) neurons

Front 48

Found in neural pathways in the central nervous system

Back 48

Interneurons (association neurons)

Front 49

Connect sensory and motor neurons

Back 49

Interneurons

Front 50

Interneurons =

Back 50

Association Neurons

Front 51

Many extensions from the cell body

Back 51

Multipolar neurons

Front 52

One axon and one dendrite

Back 52

Bipolar neurons

Front 53

Have a short single process leaving the cell body

Back 53

Unipolar neurons

Front 54

Ability to respond to stimuli

Back 54

Irritability

Front 55

Ability to transmit an impulse

Back 55

Conductivity

Front 56

The plasma membrane at rest is polarized

Fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell

Back 56

Resting Neuron

Front 57

A ______ depolarizes the neuron’s membrane

Back 57

Stimulus

Front 58

A depolarized membrane allows _____ to flow inside the membrane

Back 58

Sodium (Na+)

Front 59

The exchange of ____ initiates an action potential in the neuron

Back 59

Ions

Front 60

If the action potential (_________) starts, it is propagated over the entire axon

Back 60

Nerve impulse

Front 61

Impulses travel faster when fibers have a _________

Back 61

Myelin sheath

Front 62

_______ ions rush out of the neuron after _____ ions rush in, which repolarizers the membrane

Back 62

Potassium

Sodium

Front 63

Potassium pump, using ATP, restores the original configuration

Back 63

The Sodium

Front 64

_____ are able to cross the synapse to another nerve

Back 64

Impulses

Front 65

ACH =

Back 65

Acetylcholine

Front 66

Rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus

Back 66

Reflex

Front 67

Direct route from a sensory neuron, to an interneuron, too an effector

Back 67

Reflex arc

Front 68

Somatic =

Back 68

Body

Front 69

Activation of skeletal muscles

Back 69

Somatic reflexes

Front 70

Ex of somatic reflexes

Back 70

When you move your hand away from a hot stove

Front 71

Smooth muscle regulation

Heart and blood pressure regulation

Regulation of glands

Digestive system regulation

Back 71

Autonomic reflexes

Front 72

Knee jerk

Back 72

Patellar

Front 73

Ex of a two neuron reflex arc

Back 73

Knee jerk or patellar

Front 74

Layers of the cerebrum

Back 74

Gray matter

White matter

Basal nuclei

Front 75

Outer layer in the cerebral cortex composed mostly of neuron cell bodies

Back 75

Gray matter

Front 76

Fiber tracts deep to the gray matter

Back 76

White matter

Front 77

Corpus callosum connects _____

Back 77

Hemispheres

Front 78

Islands of gray matter buried within the white matter

Back 78

Basal nuclei

Front 79

Cerebral hemisphere is made of three parts

Back 79

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

Front 80

Surrounds the 3rd ventricle

Back 80

Thalamus

Front 81

The relay station for sensory impulses

Back 81

Thalamus

Front 82

Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex fr localization and interpretation

Back 82

Thalamus

Front 83

Under the thalamus

Helps regulate body temp

Controls water balance

Regulates metabolism

Back 83

Hypothalamus

Front 84

Under the thalamus

Helps regulate body temp

Controls water balance

Regulates metabolism

Back 84

Hypothalamus

Front 85

Forms the roof of the third ventricle

Houses the pineal body(an endocrine gland)

Includes the choroid plexus—forms cerebrospinal fluid

Back 85

Epithalamus